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Lady Jane Grey and Her Times

<h2>CHAPTER XXIII 1554 Lady Jane and her husband doomed—Her dispute with Feckenham—Gardiner’s sermon—Farewell messages—Last hours—Guilford Dudley’s execution—Lady Jane’s death.</h2></div> Those anxious days when the fortunes of England and its Queen appeared once more to hang in the balance had sealed the fate of the prisoners in the Tower. They must die. Mary had been warned that the clemency shown to her little cousin was unwise; she had struggled against the counsellors who had striven to convince her that the usurper, so long as she lived, was a menace to the peace of the realm, and the stability of her government. Their warnings had been justified, and Jane must pay the penalty. What was to be done was to be done quickly. It was perhaps feared that, with leisure to reconsider the matter, the Queen would even now retract her consent to deliver up the victim; nor was there any excuse for delay. The boy and girl already lay under sentence of death; it was only necessary to carry it into effect. So far as this life was concerned Lady Jane’s doom was fixed. 312 It remained to take thought for her soul. With death staring them in the face, many had been lately found willing to conform their faith to the Queen’s. Why should it not be so with the Queen’s cousin? To compass this object Mary’s chaplain, Dr. Feckenham, the new Dean of St. Paul’s, was sent to plead with the captive, and to strive to reconcile her with God and the Church before she went hence. The ambassador was well chosen. Learned and devout, he had been bred a Benedictine, and had, under Henry VIII., suffered imprisonment on account of his faith; until Sir Philip Hoby, in his own words, “borrowed him of the Tower.” Since then it had been his habit to hold disputations, “earnest yet modest,” according to Fuller, in defence of his religion, and was honoured by Mary and Elizabeth alike. This was the man to whom was entrusted the difficult task of convincing Lady Jane of her errors. It was scarcely to be anticipated that he would succeed, but he seems to have performed the thankless duty laid upon him with gentleness and good feeling. Arrived at the Tower—his whilom place of captivity—Feckenham, after some preliminary courtesies, disclosed the object of his visit, adding certain persuasive arguments, to which the prisoner made reply that he had delayed too long, and time was over-short to allow her to give attention to these matters. The answer, in whatever sense it313 was meant, was sufficiently ambiguous to afford a sanguine and anxious man grounds for hope that, with leisure for discussion, he might win a favourable hearing; considering his proposed convert “in very good dispositions,” he went to seek the Queen; and, describing his interview, had no difficulty in inducing her to grant a three-days’ reprieve. Friday, February 9, had been at first appointed for the execution, and when—for reasons undisclosed to the public—it was deferred until the following Monday, the change may have given rise in some quarters to expectations unwarranted by the event. There were those determined to hold Mary to her purpose. On Sunday, the 11th, Gardiner preached before the Queen, dealing first with the doctrine of free will; secondly, with the institution of Lent; thirdly, with the necessity of good works; and fourthly, with Protestant errors. After which he came to the practical question in all men’s minds. He asked a boon of the Queen’s Highness—that, like as she had beforetime extended her mercy, particularly and privately, so through her lenity and gentleness much conspiracy and open rebellion were grown, according to the proverb, nimia familiaritas parit contemptum, which he brought in for the purpose that she would now be merciful to the body of the Commonwealth and conservation thereof, which could not be unless the rotten and314 hurtful members thereof were cut off and consumed. “And thus he ended soon after, whereby all the audience did gather there should shortly follow sharp and cruel execution.”214 Whether or not Gardiner’s discourse was directed against a tendency to waver in her intention on the part of his mistress, it was proved that there was nothing in that direction to be apprehended. Meantime, armed with the boon he had obtained, Feckenham had returned to the Tower, to beg the captive to make use of the reprieve for the salvation of her soul. Lady Jane’s reply was not encouraging. She had not, she told him, intended her words to be repeated to the Queen; she had already abandoned worldly things, had no thought of fear, and was prepared to meet death patiently in whatsoever form might please the Queen. To the flesh it was indeed painful, but her soul was joyful at quitting this darkness, and rising, as by God’s mercy she hoped to rise, to eternal light.215 It was not to be expected that the priest, a good man, full of zeal for his religion and of solicitude for the dying culprit, would consent to relinquish, without an effort, the attempt to utilise the respite he had been granted. Of what followed accounts vary, according to the theological proclivities315 of the narrator of the scene, an early pamphlet asserting that Feckenham, finding himself, in reasoning, “in all holy gifts so short of [Lady Jane’s] excellence that he acknowledged himself fitter to be her disciple than teacher, thereupon humbly besought her to deliver unto him some brief sum of her faith which he might hereafter keep, and as a faithful witness publish to the world; to which she willingly condescended, and bade him boldly question her in what points of religion soever it pleased him.”216 The attitude ascribed to Queen Mary’s chaplain would seem more likely to be due to imagination than to fact. It appears, however, that a species of “catechising argument” did in truth take place in the presence of witnesses, an account of which was set down in writing, and received Lady Jane’s signature. The only result of the discussion was the strengthening rather than shaking of her convictions; and though it was not until she stood upon the scaffold that the last farewells of the disputants were taken, Feckenham must soon have been aware that his efforts would be made in vain. It may be hoped that to the imagination of the chronicler is again to be ascribed the manner of the parting of the two on this first occasion, when, feeling himself to be worsted in argument, Feckenham is said to have “grown into316 a little choler,” and used language unsuitable to his gravity, received with smiles and patience by the cause of his irritation. It is further stated that to a final speech of her visitor, to the effect that he was sorry for her obstinacy, and was certain that they would meet no more, Lady Jane, not altogether with the meekness attributed to her, retorted that his words were indeed most true, since, unless he should repent, he was in a sad and desperate case, and she prayed God that, as He had given him His great gift of utterance, He might open his heart to His truth.217 So the days passed, and the fatal one was at hand. On Saturday, February 10, the Duke of Suffolk, with his brother, Lord John Grey, had been brought prisoners to the Tower; but it does not appear that any meeting took place between father and daughter, and Lady Jane’s leave-taking was made in writing; sentences of farewell being inscribed by her and her husband in a manual of prayers belonging, as is conjectured, to the Lieutenant of the Tower, and used by her on the scaffold. In this volume three sentences were written. <blockquote> “Your loving and obedient son,” wrote Guilford, “wisheth unto your Grace long life in this world,317 with as much joy and comfort as ever I wished to myself, and in the world to come joy everlasting. G. Duddeley.” </blockquote> Jane’s farewell followed: <blockquote> “The Lord comfort your Grace, and that in His word wherein all creatures only are to be comforted. And though it has pleased God to take away two of your children, yet think not, I most humbly beseech your Grace, that you have lost them, but trust that we, by leaving this mortal life, have won an immortal life. And I, for my part, as I have honoured your Grace in this life, will pray for you in another life. “Your Grace’s humble daughter, “Jane Duddeley.” </blockquote> The same book bears another inscription addressed to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Bridges, apparently at his own request. <blockquote> “Forasmuch as you have desired,” Jane wrote, “so simple a woman to write in so worthy a book, good Master Lieutenant, therefore I shall as a friend desire you, and as a Christian require you, to call upon God to incline your heart to His laws, to quicken you in His way, and not to take the word of truth utterly out of your mouth. Live still to die, that by death you may purchase eternal life, and remember the end of Methuselah, who, as318 we read in the Scriptures, was the longest liver that was of a man, died at the last; for as the preacher saith, there is a time to be born and a time to die, and the day of death is better than the day of our birth. Yours, as the Lord knoweth, as a friend, “Jane Duddeley.” </blockquote> Such an admonition to the Lieutenant, written when death was very near, is characteristic. It was ever Lady Jane’s custom to use her pen, and the habit clung to her. Tradition asserts that three sentences, the one in Greek, the other in Latin, and the third in English, were written by her in yet another book; and though it has been argued that she would have been in no condition to compose epigrams in the dead languages at a moment when death was staring her in the face, there is nothing improbable in the story, unsupported as it is by evidence. As a man lives, he dies; and Jane had been a scholar and a moralist from her cradle. “If justice dwells in my body”—thus the sentences are said to have run—“my soul will receive it from the mercy of God.—Death will pay the penalty of my fault, but my soul will be justified before the Face of God.—If my fault merited chastisement, my youth, at least, and my imprudence, deserved excuse. God and posterity will show me grace.” 319 A letter of exhortation addressed to her sister Katherine likewise remains, another proof of her desire to impress upon others the lessons life had taught her. Having been reading, the night before her death, in “a fair New Testament in Greek,” she found, on closing it, some few leaves of clean paper, unwritten, at the end of the volume, and made use of them to convey her final farewell to the sister she was leaving behind, giving it in charge to her servant as a token of love and remembrance. As might have been expected, with the thought of the morrow before her, death was the recurrent burden of her theme. “Live still to die,” she told little Katherine, as she had told the Lieutenant of the Tower, “and that by death you may purchase eternal life; and trust not that the tenderness of your age shall lengthen your life ... for as soon will the Lord be glorified in the young as in the old.... Once more let me entreat thee to learn to die.... Desire with St. Paul to be dissolved and to be with Christ, with whom even in death there is life.... As touching my death, rejoice as I do ... that I shall be delivered of this corruption and put on incorruption; for I am assured that I shall, for losing of a mortal life, win one that is immortal, joyful, and everlasting.” Another composition is extant, said to belong to this last period, and showing the writer, it320 may be, in a more pathetic light than that thrown upon her by disputes with controversialists, or exhortations to those she left behind. This is a prayer, exhibiting not so much the premature woman as the child—a child, it is true, facing death with steadfast faith and resignation, but nevertheless frightened, unhappy, “unquieted with troubles, wrapped in cares, overwhelmed with miseries, vexed with temptations ... craving Thy mercy and help, without the which so little hope of deliverance is left that I may utterly despair of my liberty.”218 Of liberty it was, in truth, time to despair. It is said that for two hours on this last night two bishops, with other divines, made a vain attempt to accomplish the conversion that Feckenham had failed to effect218; after which we may hope that, worn out and exhausted, the prisoner forgot her troubles in sleep. And so the night passed away. In another part of the great fortress young Guilford Dudley was also preparing for the end. It is said219 that, “desiring to give his wife the last kisses and embraces,” he begged for an interview, but that she refused the request—not disallowed by Mary—replying that, could sight have given souls comfort, she would have been very willing; that since it would only increase the misery of each, and bring greater grief, it would be best to put off321 their meeting, since soon they would see each other in another place and live joined for ever by an indissoluble tie. If the story is true, there is something a little inhuman—or perhaps only belonging to the coldness of a child—in the wisdom which, at that moment, could weigh and balance the disadvantages of a leave-taking and refuse it. It is not, however, out of character. It had been at first intended that the two should suffer together on Tower Hill. Fearing the effect upon the populace, the order was cancelled, and it was decided that, whilst Guilford’s execution should take place as originally arranged, Lady Jane should meet her death within the precincts of the Tower itself. As the lad, led to his doom, passed below her window, the two looked upon each other for the last time. Young Dudley met the end bravely. Taking Sir Anthony Browne, John Throckmorton and others by the hand, he asked their prayers; then, attended by no priest or minister, he knelt to pray, “holding up his eyes and hands to God many times,” before the executioner did his work and he went to join the father who was responsible for his fate, “bewailed with lamentable tears” even by those of the spectators who till that day had never seen him.220 A ghastly incident, variously recorded, followed. His body thrown into a cart, and his head wrapped322 in a cloth, he was brought into the Tower chapel, where Lady Jane, having probably left her apartments on her way to her own place of execution, encountered the cart and those in charge of it, seeing the husband who had passed beneath her window a few minutes earlier living, taken from it a corpse—a sight to her, says the chronicler, no less than death. It “a little startled her,” observes another narrator, “and many tears were seen to descend and fall upon her cheeks, which her silence and great heart soon dried.”221 According to a third account, she addressed the dead. “Oh, Guilford, Guilford,” she is made to exclaim, “the antepast that you have tasted and I shall soon taste, is not so bitter as to make my flesh tremble; for all this is nothing to the feast that you and I shall partake this day in Paradise.” It had been ten o’clock when Guilford had left his prison. By the time that the first act of the tragedy was over, a scaffold had been erected upon the green over against the White Tower, and led by the Lieutenant, the chief victim was brought forth, “her countenance nothing abashed, neither her eyes moisted with tears,”222 as she moved onwards, a book in her hand—the same she gave afterwards to Sir John Bridges—from which she prayed all323 the way until the scaffold was reached. With her were her two gentlewomen, Elizabeth Tylney and Eleyn, who both “wonderfully wept” as they accompanied their mistress; and Feckenham was also present, her kindly opponent, perhaps even now hoping against hope that success might crown his efforts. As the two stood together at the place of execution, she took him by the hand, and, embracing him, bade him leave her—desiring, it may be, to spare him the sight of what was to follow. Might God our Lord, she said, give him all his desires; she was grateful for his company, although it had given her more disquiet than, now, the fear of death.223 Like most of her fellow-sufferers she had come prepared with a speech. That her sentence was lawful she admitted, but reasserted the absence on her part of any desire for her elevation to the throne, “touching the procurement and desire thereof by me or my half, I do wash my hands in innocency before God and the face of you, good Christian people, this day,” and therewith she wrung her hands, in which she had her book; proceeding to make confession of the faith in which she died, owning that she had neglected the word of God, and loved herself and the world, and thereby merited her punishment. “And yet I thank God that He hath thus given me time and respite to324 repent. And now, good people, while I am alive, I pray you to assist me with your prayers.” After this, kneeling down, she turned to Feckenham, who had not availed himself of her suggestion that he should leave her. “Shall I say this psalm?” she asked him; and on his assenting repeated the Miserere in English, before, rising again, she prepared for the end, giving her book to Bridges, brother to the Lieutenant, who stood by, and her gloves and handkerchief to one of her ladies. With her own hands she untied her gown, rejecting the aid of the executioner, and, turning to her maids for assistance, removed her “frose paast”—probably some kind of head-dress—let down her hair, throwing it over her eyes, and knit a “fair handkerchief” about them. After kneeling for her forgiveness, the executioner directed her to take her place on the straw. “Then she said, “‘I pray you despatch me quickly.’ “Then she kneeled down, saying, “‘Will you take it off before I lay me down?’ “And the hangman answered her, “‘No, madame.’” The handkerchief was bound about her eyes, blinding her. “What shall I do?” she said, feeling for the block. “Where is it?” Then, as some one standing near guided her,325 she laid down her head, and saying, “Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit,” met the blow of the executioner. Thus died Lady Jane Grey, most guiltless of traitors; who, to quote Fuller’s panegyric, possessed, at sixteen, the innocency of childhood, the beauty of youth, the solidity of middle, and the gravity of old, age; who had had the birth of a princess, the learning of a clerk, the life of a saint, and the death of a malefactor. <hr /> 326327 <h2>INDEX</h2></div> <ul class="index"> <li class="ifrst">Annebaut, Admiral d’, French ambassador, 33</li> <li class="indx">Arundel, Earl of, 222, 236, 240, 241, 242, 247, 249-51, 253, 262, 287</li> <li class="indx">Ascham, Roger, 141-4, 152</li> <li class="indx">Ashley, Katherine, Princess Elizabeth’s governess, 88-91, 110, 115, 116</li> <li class="indx">Ashridge, Princess Elizabeth at, 294</li> <li class="indx">Askew, Anne, Trial and execution of, 36-41</li> <li class="indx">Aylmer, John, Lady Jane’s tutor, 143, 149, 150, 152, 154-7, 165</li> <li class="ifrst">Baker, Sir Richard, 204</li> <li class="indx">Barnes, Dr., burnt, 6</li> <li class="indx">Bath, Earl of, 231</li> <li class="indx">Baynard’s Castle, Meeting at, 240</li> <li class="indx">Bel Savage Inn, Wyatt at, 309</li> <li class="indx">Berkeley, Sir Maurice, Wyatt surrenders to, 309</li> <li class="indx">Bloody Statute, The, 4</li> <li class="indx">Bodoaro, Venetian ambassador to Charles V., 198</li> <li class="indx">Bonner, Dr., Bishop of London, 32, 38, 175, 255, 256</li> <li class="indx">Borough, Lord, Katherine Parr’s first husband, 19</li> <li class="indx">Bradgate Park, 25 seq.</li> <li class="indx">Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, 24</li> <li class="indx">Bret, Captain, 296</li> <li class="indx">Bridges, Sir John, Lieutenant of the Tower, 300, 310, 317, 318</li> <li class="indx">Bromley, Sir Thomas, 204</li> <li class="indx">Browne, Sir Anthony, 61, 166, 261, 321</li> <li class="indx">Bucer, the reformer, 150, 151</li> <li class="indx">Bullinger, Henry, 145-55, 161, 165, 179, 180, 211</li> <li class="indx">Burgoyne, 159</li> <li class="ifrst">Calvin, 159</li> <li class="indx">Cecil, Secretary, 160, 179, 227, 240</li> <li class="indx">Charles V., The Emperor, 2, 49, 176, 277, 288</li> <li class="indx">Cheke, John, Edward VI.’s tutor, 22</li> <li class="indx">Clerkenwell, Lady Jane visits Mary at, 183</li> <li class="indx">Commendone, the Pope’s agent, 262</li> <li class="indx">Corriers, Sieur de, 290</li> <li class="indx">Courtenay, Edward, afterwards Earl of Devonshire, 255, 275-7, 280, 290, 292-4</li> <li class="indx">Cox, Dr., tutor to Edward VI., 22328</li> <li class="indx">Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, 7, 8-10, 59, 62, 72, 131, 133, 135, 152, 153, 174, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285</li> <li class="indx">Crofts, Sir John, 294</li> <li class="indx">Crome, Dr., 34</li> <li class="indx">Cromwell, Thomas, 5;</li> <li class="isub1">executed, 6, 7</li> <li class="indx">Culpeper, Thomas, 11</li> <li class="ifrst">Darcy, Lord, 240, 256</li> <li class="indx">Day, Bishop, 175</li> <li class="indx">Denmark, King of, 277</li> <li class="indx">Denny, Sir Anthony, 58</li> <li class="indx">— Sir Philip, 310</li> <li class="indx">Deptford, Wyatt at, 297</li> <li class="indx">Diego, Don, 229</li> <li class="indx">Dorset, Marchioness of, afterwards Duchess of Suffolk. See Suffolk</li> <li class="indx">Dorset, Marquis of, afterwards Duke of Suffolk. See Suffolk</li> <li class="indx">Dudley, Lord Guilford, married to Lady Jane Grey, 196 seq., 221, 222, 229, 237, 238, 283;</li> <li class="isub1">attainted and sentenced, 284-6, 289, 316, 320;</li> <li class="isub1">executed, 321, 322</li> <li class="indx">— Sir Ambrose, 284</li> <li class="indx">— See Warwick and Northumberland</li> <li class="ifrst">Edward, Prince, afterwards Edward VI., 1;</li> <li class="isub1">education, 22, 23;</li> <li class="isub1">relations with Lady Jane, 28;</li> <li class="isub1">and with Elizabeth, 29;</li> <li class="isub1">his coronation, 62;</li> <li class="isub1">his uncles, 83-85, 134-8, 162, 163, 169-71;</li> <li class="isub1">illness, 172, 173, 175;</li> <li class="isub1">religious scruples, 176;</li> <li class="isub1">dying, 189, 193, 194, 199;</li> <li class="isub1">his will, 202-7;</li> <li class="isub1">death, 209;</li> <li class="isub1">funeral, 256</li> <li class="indx">Egmont, Count of, 290</li> <li class="indx">Eleyn, Lady Jane Grey’s attendant, 323</li> <li class="indx">Elizabeth, Princess, 1, 13, 20, 29;</li> <li class="isub1">Seymour her suitor, 70, 71, 73, 78;</li> <li class="isub1">relations with Seymour, 88-91, 95, 108 seq., 155, 156;</li> <li class="isub1">set aside by Edward’s will, 203;</li> <li class="isub1">enters London with Mary, 253-5, 278, 279;</li> <li class="isub1">at Mary’s coronation, 280, 281, 283, 292, 294</li> <li class="indx">Eyre, Christopher, 122</li> <li class="ifrst">Feckenham, Dr., Dean of St. Paul’s, 312, 314, 315, 316, 323, 324</li> <li class="indx">Fitzpatrick, Barnaby, 23, 162, 172, 208</li> <li class="indx">Florio, Michel Angelo, 192, 245</li> <li class="indx">Fowler, John, 85</li> <li class="indx">Fuller, quoted, 69, 159, 325</li> <li class="ifrst">Gage, Sir John, Constable of the Tower, 263, 305, 306</li> <li class="indx">Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, 7, 13, 16, 32, 39, 42 seq., 60, 64, 175, 255, 262, 286, 287, 288, 313, 314</li> <li class="indx">Garrard, burned, 6</li> <li class="indx">Gates, Sir John, 204, 215, 256;</li> <li class="isub1">sentenced, 263, 265;</li> <li class="isub1">executed, 266</li> <li class="indx">Grey, Lady Jane, 2, 23;</li> <li class="isub1">childhood and education, 26;</li> <li class="isub1">relations with her cousins, 28-30;</li> <li class="isub1">consigned to Seymour’s custody, 67 seq.;329</li> <li class="isub1">her parents’ severity, 69;</li> <li class="isub1">with Queen Katherine Parr, 77 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">reclaimed by her parents, 100-104;</li> <li class="isub1">sent back to Seymour, 105-107, 166;</li> <li class="isub1">return to Bradgate, 139;</li> <li class="isub1">interview with Ascham, 141-4;</li> <li class="isub1">intercourse with Protestant divines, 145-52;</li> <li class="isub1">love of dress, 154, 155, 156, 165;</li> <li class="isub1">visits Mary, 173;</li> <li class="isub1">letter to Bullinger, 178, 179;</li> <li class="isub1">visit to Mary, 183;</li> <li class="isub1">at Tylsey, 188;</li> <li class="isub1">her eulogists, 190, 191;</li> <li class="isub1">Florio’s description of her, 192;</li> <li class="isub1">her marriage, 196 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">made Edward’s heiress, 203, seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">receives the news, 212, 217-220;</li> <li class="isub1">at the Tower, 220;</li> <li class="isub1">quarrels with Guilford Dudley, 221, 222;</li> <li class="isub1">proclaimed, 223;</li> <li class="isub1">her reign, 225;</li> <li class="isub1">begs that her father may remain in London, 232;</li> <li class="isub1">takes leave of Northumberland, 233;</li> <li class="isub1">deposed, 244-6;</li> <li class="isub1">returns to Sion House, <cite>ibid.</cite>, 264;</li> <li class="isub1">her fate uncertain, 269, 270, 271;</li> <li class="isub1">conversation in the Tower, 271-4;</li> <li class="isub1">letter to Hardinge 279, 280;</li> <li class="isub1">attainted, 284;</li> <li class="isub1">tried and sentenced, 285;</li> <li class="isub1">indulgence shown her, 289, 295;</li> <li class="isub1">her fate sealed, 311;</li> <li class="isub1">interviews with Feckenham, 312, 314-16;</li> <li class="isub1">her written farewells, 317-19;</li> <li class="isub1">refuses to see Guilford Dudley, 320, 321;</li> <li class="isub1">meets his body, 322;</li> <li class="isub1">her execution, 323-5</li> <li class="indx">Grey, Lady Katherine, 196;</li> <li class="isub1">Lady Jane’s letter to, 319</li> <li class="indx">— Lord John, 293, 316</li> <li class="indx">— Lord Leonard, 293</li> <li class="indx">— See Suffolk</li> <li class="ifrst">Haddon, James, 148, 149, 165, 179-83</li> <li class="indx">Hardinge, Lady Jane’s letter to, 279, 280</li> <li class="indx">Harper, Sir George, 296, 301</li> <li class="indx">Harrington, Lord Seymour’s servant, 67, 68, 104</li> <li class="indx">Hastings, Lord, 196</li> <li class="indx">— Sir Edward, 298</li> <li class="indx">Heath, Bishop, 175</li> <li class="indx">Henry VIII., King, 1 seq., 34, 35, 36;</li> <li class="isub1">displeased with his wife, 44 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">reconciled with her, 47;</li> <li class="isub1">dying, 48;</li> <li class="isub1">death, 56 seq.</li> <li class="indx">Herbert, Lady, 43, 45, 75</li> <li class="indx">— Lord, of Cherbury, quoted, 44</li> <li class="indx">Hertford, Lord, son of the Protector, 87, 106</li> <li class="indx">— See Somerset</li> <li class="indx">Hoby, Sir Philip, 228, 229, 313</li> <li class="indx">Hooper, Bishop, 149</li> <li class="indx">Howard, Sir William, 308</li> <li class="indx">Hunsdon, Mary at, 184</li> <li class="indx">Huntingdon, Earl of, 218, 256</li> <li class="indx">Huyck, Dr. Robert, 98</li> <li class="ifrst">Jerningham, Captain of the Guard, 297, 309</li> <li class="indx">Jerome, burned, 6</li> <li class="ifrst">Katherine, Queen, of Aragon, 3</li> <li class="indx">— Howard, Queen, 10, 11, 12</li> <li class="indx">— Parr, Queen, 12;</li> <li class="isub1">marriage to Henry, 13;</li> <li class="isub1">her past, 14, 15;</li> <li class="isub1">as Queen, 17 seq.;330</li> <li class="isub1">Protestant sympathies, 41;</li> <li class="isub1">plot against her, 43 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">her escape, 47;</li> <li class="isub1">Queen-dowager, 65;</li> <li class="isub1">marriage to Lord Seymour, 69-77;</li> <li class="isub1">married life, 80 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">illness and death, 96-9</li> <li class="indx">Kett’s Rebellion, 130, 232</li> <li class="ifrst">Laing, Count of, 290</li> <li class="indx">Lane, Lady, Katherine Parr’s cousin, 43, 45</li> <li class="indx">Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, 5, 6, 94, 129, 130, 281, 282</li> <li class="indx">— Lord, Katherine Parr’s second husband, 18</li> <li class="indx">Lee, Sir Richard a, 131</li> <li class="indx">Lovell, Thomas, 236, 251</li> <li class="ifrst">Maeterlinck, quoted, 78</li> <li class="indx">Mary Stuart, 1, 2, 128</li> <li class="indx">— Tudor, Princess, afterwards Queen, 1, 13, 18, 19, 29-32, 59, 73, 76, 155;</li> <li class="isub1">quarrels with Council, 174-7;</li> <li class="isub1">visited by Ridley, 184-6;</li> <li class="isub1">set aside in Edward’s will, 203;</li> <li class="isub1">plot against, 214;</li> <li class="isub1">escape, 215, 216;</li> <li class="isub1">at Kenninghall, 226, 227;</li> <li class="isub1">popular enthusiasm for, 230, 231;</li> <li class="isub1">successful, 238 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">proclaimed, 242, 247, 248;</li> <li class="isub1">enters London, 253, 254;</li> <li class="isub1">at the Tower, 255, 256, 258, 268, 269-71;</li> <li class="isub1">marriage question, 275 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">coronation, 280, 281;</li> <li class="isub1">Spanish match, 286 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">at the Guildhall, 299;</li> <li class="isub1">conduct during Wyatt’s Rebellion, 300 seq., 311, 313, 314</li> <li class="indx">Mary of Lorraine, Queen-Dowager of Scotland, 156, 165</li> <li class="indx">Michele, Venetian ambassador, 198</li> <li class="indx">Montagu, Sir Edward, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, 204, 205, 206</li> <li class="indx">Morysine, Sir Richard, 228, 229</li> <li class="ifrst">Newhall, Mary and Lady Jane at, 173</li> <li class="indx">Noailles, French ambassador, 193, 194, 207, 208, 243, 276, 279, 280, 281, 296</li> <li class="indx">Norfolk, Duke of, 52;</li> <li class="isub1">imprisoned, 55, 159, 255, 259, 296, 297</li> <li class="indx">Northampton, Earl of, at first Lord Parr, 16, 93, 106, 158, 204, 255, 259, 269</li> <li class="indx">Northumberland, Duchess of, 212, 218, 222, 228</li> <li class="indx">— Duke of, at first Earl of Warwick, 82, 128, 132, 133, 145, 157;</li> <li class="isub1">his unpopularity, 160, 161, 164, 169, 170, 171;</li> <li class="isub1">his schemes, 189, 190, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 200;</li> <li class="isub1">his character, 201;</li> <li class="isub1">dictates Edward’s will, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 212;</li> <li class="isub1">his conspiracy, 215, 216;</li> <li class="isub1">at Sion House with Lady Jane, 218 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">commander of the forces, 232-6;</li> <li class="isub1">fall and arrest, 247-51;</li> <li class="isub1">trial and sentence, 259 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">recantation, 263;</li> <li class="isub1">execution, 266;</li> <li class="isub1">burial, 268;</li> <li class="isub1">discussed by Lady Jane, 272, 273</li> <li class="ifrst">Ormond, Earl of, 297</li> <li class="indx">Owen, Dr., 209331</li> <li class="ifrst">Paget, Lady, 72</li> <li class="indx">— Secretary, 72, 131, 132, 133, 135, 247</li> <li class="indx">Palmer, Sir Thomas, 262, 266, 267, 268</li> <li class="indx">Parkhurst, Rev. John, 98</li> <li class="indx">Parr, Lord. See Northampton</li> <li class="indx">Parry, Princess Elizabeth’s Cofferer, 88, 114, 115, 116</li> <li class="indx">Partridge’s lodging in the Tower, Lady Jane at, 271 seq.</li> <li class="indx">Pellican, Conrad, 147</li> <li class="indx">Pembroke, Earl of, 196, 218, 222, 238, 241;</li> <li class="isub1">proclaims Mary, 242, 243, 306, 307</li> <li class="indx">Petre, Secretary of the Council, 240</li> <li class="indx">Philip, Prince of Spain, 277, 286, 291, 292, 293</li> <li class="indx">Piedmont, Prince of, 277</li> <li class="indx">Pinkie, Battle of, 128</li> <li class="indx">Pole, Cardinal, 275</li> <li class="indx">“Poor Pratte,” 230</li> <li class="indx">Portugal, Infant of, 277</li> <li class="indx">Powell, Dr., hanged, 6</li> <li class="indx">Poynings, Sir Nicholas, 300</li> <li class="ifrst">Raleigh, Sir Walter, quoted, 1, 58</li> <li class="indx">Renard, Simon, imperial envoy, 270, 286, 287</li> <li class="indx">“Resident in the Tower,” The, 271 seq.</li> <li class="indx">Rich, Lord Chancellor, 159, 160</li> <li class="indx">Richmond, Duchess of, 52, 53</li> <li class="indx">Ridley, Bishop, 184-6, 239, 252, 281</li> <li class="indx">Russell, Lord, Privy Seal, 113</li> <li class="ifrst">Sandys, Dr., Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge, 248, 249</li> <li class="indx">Seymour, Sir Thomas, Lord Admiral, afterwards Lord Seymour of Sudeley, 13;</li> <li class="isub1">Katherine Parr’s lover, 14, 15, 17;</li> <li class="isub1">opposes his brother, 64;</li> <li class="isub1">obtains Lady Jane’s custody, 66, 67, 68;</li> <li class="isub1">is suitor to Elizabeth, 70, 71;</li> <li class="isub1">marries Katherine Parr, 72-7, 81, 82, 83 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">relations with Elizabeth, 88-91;</li> <li class="isub1">his wife’s death, 96 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">again Elizabeth’s suitor, 108 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">in the Tower, 117, 122, 123;</li> <li class="isub1">trial and execution, 124, 125</li> <li class="indx">— See Somerset</li> <li class="indx">Shaxton, Nicholas, 40</li> <li class="indx">Shrewsbury, Earl of, 242</li> <li class="indx">Sion House, Lady Jane at, 213 seq.</li> <li class="indx">Somerset, Duchess of, 82, 83, 136, 255</li> <li class="indx">— Edward Seymour, Duke of, at first Earl of Hertford, 13;</li> <li class="isub1">rivalry between him and Surrey, 50 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">Lord Protector, 61;</li> <li class="isub1">and Duke of Somerset, 63;</li> <li class="isub1">campaign in Scotland, 64;</li> <li class="isub1">dissensions with his brother, 64, 65, 71, 81, 82, 83, 84, 92, 96, 109;</li> <li class="isub1">his wealth, 127;</li> <li class="isub1">in danger, 130 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">prisoner, 135;</li> <li class="isub1">pardoned, 136;</li> <li class="isub1">in the Tower, 157 seq.;</li> <li class="isub1">trial, 161;</li> <li class="isub1">execution, 165, 166, 167;</li> <li class="isub1">his spoils, 197, 213</li> <li class="indx">Southwell, Sir Richard, 307</li> <li class="indx">Sudeley Castle, 80, 93</li> <li class="indx">Suffolk, Duchess of, at first Marchioness of Dorset, Lady Jane Grey’s mother, 24, 27, 36, 102, 103, 105, 142, 145, 148, 218</li> <li class="indx">Suffolk, Duke of, at first Marquis of Dorset, 24, 62, 67, 68, 100-7, 142, 148;332</li> <li class="isub1">created Duke, 178, 179, 231, 232, 233, 242, 243, 244, 245, 252, 253, 293, 295, 316, 317</li> <li class="indx">Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of, 48 seq., 54;</li> <li class="isub1">trial, 55;</li> <li class="isub1">execution, 56</li> <li class="indx">Sydney, Lady, 213</li> <li class="ifrst">Throckmorton House, 215</li> <li class="indx">— John, 321</li> <li class="indx">— Lady, 243, 244</li> <li class="indx">— Sir Nicholas, 111, 202, 215, 216, 243 note</li> <li class="indx">Traheron, 152</li> <li class="indx">Tudor, Mary, daughter of Henry VII., 24</li> <li class="indx">— See Mary</li> <li class="indx">Tunstall, Bishop of Durham, 255</li> <li class="indx">Tylney, Elizabeth, 323</li> <li class="indx">Tyrwhitt, Lady, 43, 97, 98, 112, 120, 121</li> <li class="indx">Tyrwhitt, Sir Robert, 112, 118, 119, 120, 121</li> <li class="ifrst">Ulmis, John ab, 146, 147, 153, 161, 180</li> <li class="indx">Underhyll, Edward, the “Hot-Gospeller,” 243, 302-5</li> <li class="ifrst">Warwick, Earl of. See Northumberland</li> <li class="indx">— Earl of, son to Duke of Northumberland, 249, 259, 265, 268, 269</li> <li class="indx">Weston, Dr., 298</li> <li class="indx">Wharton, Sir Thomas, 186</li> <li class="indx">Wightman, Sir Thomas Seymour’s servant, 111</li> <li class="indx">Winchester, Marquis of, 221, 239, 240, 256</li> <li class="indx">Wriothesley, Chancellor, and afterwards Earl of Southampton, 16, 32, 40, 47, 60, 61</li> <li class="indx">Wyatt, Sir Thomas, rebel leader, 293, 295 seq., 307, 309, 310</li> </ul> Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. <div class="footnotes"> <h2 class="nobreak p1">FOOTNOTES</h2> <div class="footnote"> 1 Hall’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 2 Martin Hume, <cite>The Wives of Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 447. </div> <div class="footnote"> 3 Ellis’s <cite>Original Letters</cite>, Series III., vol. iii., p. 203. </div> <div class="footnote"> 4 <cite>Grey Friar’s Chronicle</cite> (Camden Society), p. 44. </div> <div class="footnote"> 5 Martin Hume, <cite>Wives of Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 344. </div> <div class="footnote"> 6 Holinshed. </div> <div class="footnote"> 7 Strype’s <cite>Memorials of Archbishop Cranmer</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 8 Hall’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 9 <cite>Spanish Chronicle of Henry VIII.</cite>, translated by Martin Hume. </div> <div class="footnote"> 10 Hayward’s <cite>Life of Edward VI.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 11 Sir H. Ellis, <cite>Original Letters</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 12 <cite>Calendar, Henry VIII.</cite>, vol. xviii., p. 1. </div> <div class="footnote"> 13 Speed. </div> <div class="footnote"> 14 <cite>Chronicle of Henry VIII.</cite>, translated by Martin Hume. </div> <div class="footnote"> 15 Martin Hume, <cite>Wives of Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 438. </div> <div class="footnote"> 16 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 17 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 18 Andrew Bloxam. </div> <div class="footnote"> 19 <cite>Calendar of State Papers</cite> (Venetian), p. 346. </div> <div class="footnote"> 20 It is stated in the <cite>Dictionary of National Biography</cite> that Lady Jane was attached to the Queen’s household in 1546, but I am unable to discover any proof of the fact. Speed, in his chronicle, makes two or three mentions of her, from which other biographers have concluded that she was in close attendance on Katherine Parr during the King’s lifetime. But it seems clear that he made a confusion between Lady Jane, the King’s great-niece, and Lady Lane, Katherine’s cousin, born Maud Parr, who was at that time a member of her household. </div> <div class="footnote"> 21 Naunton. </div> <div class="footnote"> 22 Foxe, <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 23 <cite>Grey Friars’ Chronicle</cite> (Camden Society), p. 50. </div> <div class="footnote"> 24 G. Leti, <cite>Vie d’Elizabeth, Reine d’Angleterre</cite>, t. i., p. 153. </div> <div class="footnote"> 25 <cite>Grey Friars’ Chronicle</cite> (Camden Society), p. 51. </div> <div class="footnote"> 26 Ellis’s <cite>Original Letters</cite>, Series II., vol. ii., p. 176. </div> <div class="footnote"> 27 Lord Herbert of Cherbury, <cite>Life of Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 537. </div> <div class="footnote"> 28 N. D., quoted, with disapproval, by Speed. </div> <div class="footnote"> 29 Lingard, <cite>History</cite>, vol. v., p. 200. </div> <div class="footnote"> 30 Foxe, <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 31 Dr. Lingard, quoting the narrative attributed to Anne, credits neither it nor the addition for which Foxe is responsible, stating that there is no other instance of a woman being subjected to torture, that a written order from the Lords of the Council was necessary before it could be inflicted, and that it was not customary for either the Chancellor or his colleagues to be present on these occasions.—<cite>History</cite>, vol. v., p. 201. </div> <div class="footnote"> 32 Foxe, <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 33 <cite>Life of Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 561. </div> <div class="footnote"> 34 Speed, and Miss Strickland following him, read the name “Jane.” </div> <div class="footnote"> 35 <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>, Speed’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, etc. </div> <div class="footnote"> 36 Bapst, <cite>Deux Gentilshommes Poëtes</cite>, p. 275. </div> <div class="footnote"> 37 Bapst, <cite>Deux Gentilshommes Poëtes</cite>, p. 287. </div> <div class="footnote"> 38 Lord Herbert of Cherbury, <cite>Life of Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 564. </div> <div class="footnote"> 39 <cite>Ibid.</cite>, p. 563. </div> <div class="footnote"> 40 <cite>Chronicle of King Henry VIII. of England</cite> (translated by Martin Hume), p. 182. </div> <div class="footnote"> 41 <cite>Chronicle of Henry VIII.</cite> (tr. by Martin Hume), p. 152. </div> <div class="footnote"> 42 Bapst, <cite>Deux Gentilshommes Poëtes</cite>, p. 346. </div> <div class="footnote"> 43 <cite>Grey Friars’ Chronicle</cite>, p. 52. </div> <div class="footnote"> 44 <cite>Chronicle of Henry VIII.</cite> (tr. by Martin Hume), p. 147. </div> <div class="footnote"> 45 <cite>Chronicle of Henry VIII.</cite> (tr. by Martin Hume), p. 148. </div> <div class="footnote"> 46 Foxe, <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>, vol. v., p. 689. </div> <div class="footnote"> 47 <cite>History of the World.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 48 <cite>Chronicle of Henry VIII.</cite> (tr. by Martin Hume), p. 152. </div> <div class="footnote"> 49 <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>, vol. v., p. 689. </div> <div class="footnote"> 50 <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>, vol. v., p. 691. </div> <div class="footnote"> 51 <cite>Literary Remains of Edward VI.</cite>, Roxburgh Club, ed. Nichols. </div> <div class="footnote"> 52 Hayward’s <cite>Life of Edward VI.</cite>, p. 82. </div> <div class="footnote"> 53 Leti, <cite>Vie de la Reine Elizabeth</cite>, p. 166. </div> <div class="footnote"> 54 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>. It is difficult to distinguish between statements relating to the negotiations with regard to Lady Jane carried on at this date, and those taking place eighteen months later. </div> <div class="footnote"> 55 Tytler, <cite>England under Edward VI. and Mary</cite>, vol. i. </div> <div class="footnote"> 56 Fuller’s <cite>Worthies</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 57 Leti, <cite>Vie de la Reine Elizabeth</cite>, p. 163. </div> <div class="footnote"> 58 <cite>Chronicle of Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 158. </div> <div class="footnote"> 59 Leti, <cite>Vie de la Reine Elizabeth</cite>, p. 170. </div> <div class="footnote"> 60 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 61 <cite>An Historical Account of Sudeley Castle.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 62 Quoted by Strype. </div> <div class="footnote"> 63 <cite>Chronicle of Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 156. </div> <div class="footnote"> 64 Hayward, <cite>Life of Edward VI.</cite>, p. 82. </div> <div class="footnote"> 65 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>, p. 71. </div> <div class="footnote"> 66 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 67 <cite>Ibid.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 68 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 69 <cite>State Papers.</cite> Quoted in Strickland’s <cite>Queens of England</cite>, vol. iii., p. 272. </div> <div class="footnote"> 70 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 71 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 72 Leti is responsible for it. </div> <div class="footnote"> 73 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 96. </div> <div class="footnote"> 74 Tytler, <cite>Edward and Mary</cite>, vol. i., p. 70. </div> <div class="footnote"> 75 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 61. </div> <div class="footnote"> 76 <cite>Ibid.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 77 Quoted <cite>Remains of Edward VI.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 78 Tytler, <cite>Edward and Mary</cite>, vol. i. </div> <div class="footnote"> 79 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, pp. 103, 104. </div> <div class="footnote"> 80 Miss Strickland, <cite>Queens of England</cite>, vol. iii., p 281. </div> <div class="footnote"> 81 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, pp. 77, 78. </div> <div class="footnote"> 82 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, pp. 78, 79. </div> <div class="footnote"> 83 Tytler, <cite>Edward VI. and Mary</cite>, vol. i., p. 134. </div> <div class="footnote"> 84 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 76. </div> <div class="footnote"> 85 <cite>Ibid.</cite>, pp. 79, 80. </div> <div class="footnote"> 86 <cite>Chronicle of King Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 163. </div> <div class="footnote"> 87 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 89. </div> <div class="footnote"> 88 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 89 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 109. </div> <div class="footnote"> 90 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 98. </div> <div class="footnote"> 91 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 108. </div> <div class="footnote"> 92 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 71. </div> <div class="footnote"> 93 Haynes, <cite>State Papers</cite>, p. 106. </div> <div class="footnote"> 94 Latimer’s <cite>Sermons</cite>, quoted by Lingard, <cite>History</cite>, vol. v., p. 279. </div> <div class="footnote"> 95 Leti, <cite>Vie de la Reine Elizabeth</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 96 Lingard, <cite>History</cite>, vol. v., p. 293. </div> <div class="footnote"> 97 Strype’s <cite>Ecclesiastical Memorials</cite>, vol. ii., p. 2. </div> <div class="footnote"> 98 Tytler, <cite>Edward VI. and Mary</cite>, vol. i., p. 174. </div> <div class="footnote"> 99 Holinshed, vol. iii., p. 1014. </div> <div class="footnote"> 100 <cite>Chronicle of King Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 187. </div> <div class="footnote"> 101 See Tytler, <cite>Edward VI. and Mary</cite>, vol. i., p. 241. Dr. Lingard expresses doubts as to the document upon which Tytler relies, and Froude acquits the Council of treachery. </div> <div class="footnote"> 102 Tytler, <cite>Edward VI. and Mary</cite>, vol. i., p. 242. </div> <div class="footnote"> 103 <cite>Chronicle of King Henry VIII.</cite>, p. 192. </div> <div class="footnote"> 104 Foxe, <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>, vol. vi., pp. 351, 352. </div> <div class="footnote"> 105 Ascham describes her as fifteen—a manifest error. </div> <div class="footnote"> 106 Roger Ascham, <cite>The Schoolmaster</cite>, bk. ii. </div> <div class="footnote"> 107 Ascham, <cite>The Schoolmaster</cite>, bk. i. </div> <div class="footnote"> 108 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, Parker Society. </div> <div class="footnote"> 109 <cite>Ibid.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 110 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, vol. ii., Parker Society, p. 399. </div> <div class="footnote"> 111 <cite>Ibid.</cite>, p. 427. </div> <div class="footnote"> 112 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, vol. ii., p. 430. </div> <div class="footnote"> 113 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, p. 433. </div> <div class="footnote"> 114 There is little mention of Lady Jane’s mother in contemporary records. But the nature of the woman, and her heritage of Tudor blood, is sufficiently indicated by the fact that not a fortnight after her husband had been executed, and about a month after Lady Jane’s death she bestowed herself in marriage upon her equerry. </div> <div class="footnote"> 115 Becon’s <cite>Jewel of Joy</cite>, Parker Society. </div> <div class="footnote"> 116 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, p. 103. </div> <div class="footnote"> 117 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, vol. i., p. 5. </div> <div class="footnote"> 118 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, vol. i., p. 72. </div> <div class="footnote"> 119 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, vol. i., pp. 76, 77. </div> <div class="footnote"> 120 <cite>Church History</cite>, vol. i., p. 338. </div> <div class="footnote"> 121 <cite>Church History</cite>, vol. i., p. 340. </div> <div class="footnote"> 122 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, vol. ii., p. 441. </div> <div class="footnote"> 123 Fuller’s <cite>Church History</cite>, vol. i., p. 341. </div> <div class="footnote"> 124 Ellis’s <cite>Original Letters</cite>, Series III., vol. i., p. 216. </div> <div class="footnote"> 125 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>, vol. ii., p. 7. </div> <div class="footnote"> 126 Soranzo’s Report (<cite>Venetian Calendar</cite>), p. 535. </div> <div class="footnote"> 127 Strype’s <cite>Ecclesiastical Memorials</cite>, vol. ii., p. 2. </div> <div class="footnote"> 128 <cite>Venetian Calendar</cite>, p. 535. </div> <div class="footnote"> 129 Fuller’s <cite>Church History</cite>, vol, i., p. 345. </div> <div class="footnote"> 130 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, vol. ii., p. 466. Meaning that Cranmer, who had already been married some years, had brought his wife from Germany, and owned her openly. See Strype. </div> <div class="footnote"> 131 Two victims were burnt for heresy, Joan Bocher and a Dutch surgeon, named Pariss. A priest is also stated by Wriothesley to have been hanged and quartered, July 7, 1548. </div> <div class="footnote"> 132 <cite>Zurich Letters</cite>, pp. 281 et seq. </div> <div class="footnote"> 133 Foxe, <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>, vol. vi., pp. 354-5. Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 134 Speed’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>, p. 1122. </div> <div class="footnote"> 135 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>, vol. i., p. 291. </div> <div class="footnote"> 136 Rosso, <cite>Succesi d’Inghilterra</cite>, p. 5. </div> <div class="footnote"> 137 Wriothesley’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>, vol. ii., p. 82. </div> <div class="footnote"> 138 <cite>Ibid.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 139 Florio’s <cite>Life</cite>, p. 27. </div> <div class="footnote"> 140 <cite>Ibid.</cite>, p. 28. </div> <div class="footnote"> 141 <cite>Ibid.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 142 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>, p. 297. </div> <div class="footnote"> 143 <cite>Ambassades de Noailles</cite>; Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements sur l’Histoire de Marie</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 144 Wriothesley’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>, vol. ii., p. 79. </div> <div class="footnote"> 145 <cite>Reformation</cite>, vol. i., p. 294. </div> <div class="footnote"> 146 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>, vol. i., p. 294. </div> <div class="footnote"> 147 Griffet, <cite>Éclaircissements</cite>, etc., p. 16. </div> <div class="footnote"> 148 <cite>Ambassades de Noailles</cite>, vol. i., p. 49. </div> <div class="footnote"> 149 <cite>Ibid.</cite>, p. 57. </div> <div class="footnote"> 150 Quoted in Strickland’s <cite>Queen Mary</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 151 Fuller’s <cite>Church History</cite>, vol. i., pp. 369 et seq. </div> <div class="footnote"> 152 Rosso, <cite>Succesi d’Inghilterra</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 153 Griffet’s <cite>Éclaircissements</cite>, etc. </div> <div class="footnote"> 154 Foxe’s <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>, vol. vi., p. 352. </div> <div class="footnote"> 155 The paper is only to be found in two Italian histories, Pollini’s <cite>Istoria Ecclesiastica della Rivoluzione d’Inghilterra</cite> and Raviglio Rosso’s account of the events following upon Edward’s death, stated to be partly drawn from the despatches of Bodoaro. The discrepancies here and there in the translation point to both having had access to an English version. </div> <div class="footnote"> 156 <cite>History of Syon Monastery</cite>, Aungier. </div> <div class="footnote"> 157 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane</cite> (Camden Society), p. 2. </div> <div class="footnote"> 158 Speed’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>, p. 1127. </div> <div class="footnote"> 159 Heylyn makes Durham House the scene of the announcement. In this he seems clearly to be mistaken, as it is stated in the <cite>Grey Friar’s Chronicle</cite> that she was brought down the river from Richmond to Westminster, and so to the Tower. </div> <div class="footnote"> 160 <cite>The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite> (Camden Society), p. 3. </div> <div class="footnote"> 161 Letter from Jane to Mary, Pollini’s <cite>Istoria Ecclesiastica della Rivoluzione d’Inghilterra</cite>, pp. 355-8. </div> <div class="footnote"> 162 Rosso, <cite>Succesi d’Inghilterra</cite>, p. 13. </div> <div class="footnote"> 163 Rosso, <cite>Succesi d’Inghilterra</cite>, p. 9. </div> <div class="footnote"> 164 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 165 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 166 Strype’s <cite>Memorials</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 167 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, ed. John Nichols (Camden Society), App., pp. 116-121. </div> <div class="footnote"> 168 The foregoing details are mostly taken from Stowe’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>. At this point <cite>The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite> by a Resident in the Tower (Camden Society), takes up the tale. The anonymous author plainly speaks from personal knowledge, and is the principal authority for this period. </div> <div class="footnote"> 169 Grafton’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 170 Heylyn’s <cite>Reformation</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 171 Fuller’s <cite>Worthies</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 172 Tytler’s <cite>Edward and Mary</cite>, vol. ii., p. 202. </div> <div class="footnote"> 173 Rosso’s <cite>Succesi</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 174 Rosso’s <cite>Succesi</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 175 Quoted in <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, p. 11. </div> <div class="footnote"> 176 This fact, together with Sir Nicholas’s subsequent trial, seems to throw doubt upon the veracity of his versified account of the services he had rendered to Mary. </div> <div class="footnote"> 177 <cite>Biog. Brit.</cite> Quoted in <cite>Lady Jane Grey’s Literary Remains</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 178 <cite>L’Istoria Ecclesiastica della Rivoluzione d’Inghilterra.</cite> Pollini, pp. 274, 275. Rosso’s <cite>Succesi</cite>, p. 20. </div> <div class="footnote"> 179 M. A. Florio, <cite>Vita</cite>, pp. 58, 59. </div> <div class="footnote"> 180 <cite>Dictionary of National Biography.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 181 Rosso, <cite>Succesi</cite>, p. 23. </div> <div class="footnote"> 182 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane</cite>, etc., pp. 10, 11. </div> <div class="footnote"> 183 Foxe, <cite>Acts and Monuments</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 184 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane</cite>, etc. p. 16. </div> <div class="footnote"> 185 Rosso. </div> <div class="footnote"> 186 <cite>Vie d’Elizabeth</cite>, p. 198. </div> <div class="footnote"> 187 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, p. 23. </div> <div class="footnote"> 188 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, p. 16. </div> <div class="footnote"> 189 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, p. 25. </div> <div class="footnote"> 190 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, pp. 26, 27. </div> <div class="footnote"> 191 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, p. 24. </div> <div class="footnote"> 192 <cite>Edward and Mary</cite>, vol. ii., p. 224. </div> <div class="footnote"> 193 <cite>Peerage of England</cite> (1799), vol. ii., p. 406. Quoted in <cite>Strickland’s Queens of England</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 194 Lingard, <cite>History</cite>, vol. v., pp. 390, 391. </div> <div class="footnote"> 195 <cite>Ibid.</cite>, p. 391. </div> <div class="footnote"> 196 Tytler, <cite>Edward and Mary</cite>, vol. ii., p. 227. </div> <div class="footnote"> 197 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, from which the following details of the execution are mostly taken. </div> <div class="footnote"> 198 <cite>Peerage of England</cite> (1709), vol. ii., p. 406. Quoted in Miss Strickland’s <cite>Queens</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 199 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, p. 55. </div> <div class="footnote"> 200 Dr. Nichols suggests that Partridge may have been Queen Mary’s goldsmith of that name, apparently resident in the Tower during the following year. </div> <div class="footnote"> 201 Lingard, <cite>History</cite>, vol. v., p. 393. </div> <div class="footnote"> 202 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, p. 65. </div> <div class="footnote"> 203 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, p. 60. </div> <div class="footnote"> 204 Lingard, <cite>History</cite>, vol. v., p. 401. </div> <div class="footnote"> 205 Speed’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>. </div> <div class="footnote"> 206 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, pp. 125-6. </div> <div class="footnote"> 207 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, p. 127. </div> <div class="footnote"> 208 Lingard, <cite>History</cite>, vol. v., p. 411. </div> <div class="footnote"> 209 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, p. 34. </div> <div class="footnote"> 210 Griffet, <cite>Nouveaux Éclaircissements</cite>, p. 118. </div> <div class="footnote"> 211 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, p. 38 et seq. </div> <div class="footnote"> 212 <cite>Ibid.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 213 Speed’s <cite>Chronicle</cite>, p. 1133. </div> <div class="footnote"> 214 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, p. 54. </div> <div class="footnote"> 215 Rosso, <cite>Succesi d’Inghilterra</cite>, p. 53. </div> <div class="footnote"> 216 <cite>Life and Death of Lady Jane Grey</cite>, 1615, p. 22. </div> <div class="footnote"> 217 It will be seen that the bearing of the two opponents on the scaffold would seem to give the lie to this account of their interview; unless, the heat of argument over, both should have regretted what had passed. </div> <div class="footnote"> 218 <cite>Life and Death of Lady Jane Grey</cite>, 1615, p. 25. </div> <div class="footnote"> 219 Rosso, <cite>Succesi</cite>, etc., p. 57. </div> <div class="footnote"> 220 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary.</cite> </div> <div class="footnote"> 221 <cite>Life and Death of Lady Jane Grey</cite>, 1615, p. 30. </div> <div class="footnote"> 222 <cite>Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary</cite>, pp. 54-6. The author, “resident in the Tower,” was doubtless an eye-witness of the scene. </div> <div class="footnote"> 223 Rosso, <cite>Succesi d’Inghilterra</cite>, etc., pp. 57, 58. </div> </div></div> <div class="transnote"> <h2 class="nobreak p1">Transcriber’s Notes</h2> Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed. Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced quotation marks retained. Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained. Index not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references. Index often used semi-colons between page number references. They have been replaced by commas in this eBook. Semi-colons between sub-entries have been retained. Frontispiece: The original caption attributes the painting to “Lucas ? Heere” where the “?” represents an indistinct letter. It should be “de”, and that is what is used in this eBook. The illustrations on the Title Page are just very small decorations. Page 13: The chapter number was misprinted as “I”; changed here to “II”. Page 29: “to my cousin, Jane Gray,” was printed with the surname spelled that way. Page 35: Closing quotation mark added after “and served.” </div> </div> <div style="break-after:column;"></div>

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