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Vision of Sir Launfal and Other Poems

<div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG src="images/image_05.png" width-obs="400" height-obs="644" alt="Cover Page" title="Cover Page" />   </div> <div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG src="images/image_01.jpg" width-obs="400" height-obs="501" alt="James Russell Lowell." title="James Russell Lowell." /> James Russell Lowell.</div> <h4> </h4> <h4> </h4> <h4>The Riverside Literature Series</h4> <h1>THE VISION OF SIR LAUNFAL</h1> <h2>AND OTHER POEMS</h2> <h3> </h3> <h3> </h3> <h3>BY</h3> <h2>JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL</h2>     WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND NOTES A PORTRAIT AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS   <div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG src="images/image_06.jpg" width-obs="150" height-obs="184" alt="Seal." title="Seal" /> </div> <h3> </h3> <h3>HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY</h3> <h5>Boston: 4 Park Street; New York: 11 East Seventeenth Street Chicago: 378-388 Wabash Avenue</h5> <h4>The Riverside Press, Cambridge</h4>     Copyright, 1848, 1857, 1866, 1868, 1869, 1876, and 1885, By JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL. Copyright, 1887, 1894, and 1896, By HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.       <h2>CONTENTS</h2> <table summary="Contents"> <tr> <td> </td> <td class="tocpg">PAGE</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">A Sketch of the Life of James Russell Lowell.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>I.   Elmwood</td> <td class="tocpg">v</td> </tr> <tr> <td>II.  Education</td> <td class="tocpg">ix</td> </tr> <tr> <td>III. First Ventures</td> <td class="tocpg">xi</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IV. Verse and Prose</td> <td class="tocpg">xiv</td> </tr> <tr> <td>V.  Public Life</td> <td class="tocpg">xvi</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Introductory Note</td> <td class="tocpg">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The Vision of Sir Launfal</td> <td class="tocpg">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Prelude to Part First</td> <td class="tocpg">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Part First</td> <td class="tocpg">7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Prelude to Part Second</td> <td class="tocpg">10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Part Second</td> <td class="tocpg">12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ode recited at the Harvard Commemoration</td> <td class="tocpg">16</td> </tr> <tr> <td>On Board the '76</td> <td class="tocpg">31</td> </tr> <tr> <td>An Indian-Summer Reverie</td> <td class="tocpg">34</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The First Snow-Fall</td> <td class="tocpg">45</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The Oak</td> <td class="tocpg">47</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Prometheus</td> <td class="tocpg">49</td> </tr> <tr> <td>To W.L. Garrison</td> <td class="tocpg">61</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wendell Phillips</td> <td class="tocpg">63</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mr. Hosea Biglow to the Editor of the Atlantic Monthly</td> <td class="tocpg">63</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Villa Franca</td> <td class="tocpg">70</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The Nightingale in the Study</td> <td class="tocpg">73</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aladdin</td> <td class="tocpg">76</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Beaver Brook</td> <td class="tocpg">76</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The Shepherd of King Admetus</td> <td class="tocpg">78</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The Present Crisis</td> <td class="tocpg">80</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Al Fresco</td> <td class="tocpg">87</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The Foot-Path</td> <td class="tocpg">90</td> </tr> </table> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> <table summary="Illustrations"> <tr> <td> </td> <td class="tocpg">PAGE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>James Russell Lowell (from a crayon by William Page in 1842, owned by Mrs. Charles F. Briggs, Brooklyn, N. Y.)</td> <td class="tocpg">Frontispiece</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Elmwood, Mr. Lowell's home in Cambridge</td> <td class="tocpg">vi</td> </tr> <tr> <td>As Sir Launfal made morn through the darksome gate</td> <td class="tocpg">10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>So he mused, as he sat, of a sunnier clime</td> <td class="tocpg">14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The Seal of Harvard University</td> <td class="tocpg">30</td> </tr> </table> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL</h2> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> [v] <h2>I.</h2> <h3>ELMWOOD.</h3> About half a mile from the Craigie House in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the road leading to the old town of Watertown, is Elmwood, a spacious square house set amongst lilac and syringa bushes, and overtopped by elms. Pleasant fields are on either side, and from the windows one may look out on the Charles River winding its way among the marshes. The house itself is one of a group which before the war for independence belonged to Boston merchants and officers of the crown who refused to take the side of the revolutionary party. Tory Row was the name given to the broad winding road on which the houses stood. Great farms and gardens were attached to them, and some sign of their roomy ease still remains. The estates fell into the hands of various persons after the war, and in process of time Longfellow came to occupy Craigie House. Elmwood at that time was the property of the Reverend Charles Lowell, minister of the West Church in Boston, and when Longfellow thus became his neighbor, James Russell Lowell was a junior in Harvard College. He was born at Elmwood, February 22, 1819. [vi]Any one who will read An Indian Summer Reverie will discover how affectionately Lowell dwelt on the scenes of nature and life amidst which he grew up. Indeed, it would be a pleasant task to draw from the full storehouse of his poetry the golden phrases with which he characterizes the trees, meadows, brooks, flowers, birds, and human companions that were so near to him in his youth and so vivid in his recollection. In his prose works also a lively paper, Cambridge Thirty Years Ago, contains many reminiscences of his early life. To know any one well it is needful to inquire into his ancestry, and two or three hints may be given of the currents that met in this poet. On his father's side he came from a succession of New England men who for the previous three generations had been in professional life. The Lowells traced their descent from Percival Lowell,—a name which survives in the family,—of Bristol, England, who settled in Newbury, Massachusetts, in 1639. The great-grandfather was a minister in Newburyport, one of those, as Dr. Hale says, "who preached sermons when young men went out to fight the French, and preached sermons again in memory of their death when they had been slain in battle." The grandfather was John Lowell, a member of the Constitutional Convention of Massachusetts in 1780. It was he who introduced into the Bill of Rights a phrase from the Bill of Rights of Virginia, "All men are created free and equal," with the purpose which it effected of setting free every man then held as a slave in Massachusetts. A son of John Lowell and brother of the Rev. Charles Lowell was Francis Cabot Lowell, who gave a great impetus to New England manufactures, and from whom the city of Lowell took its name. Another son, and thus also an [vii] uncle of the poet, was John Lowell, Jr., whose wise and far-sighted provision gave to Boston that powerful centre of intellectual influence, the Lowell Institute. Of the Rev. Charles Lowell, his son said, in a letter written in 1844, "He is Doctor Primrose in the comparative degree, the very simplest and charmingest of sexagenarians, and not without a great deal of the truest magnanimity." It was characteristic of Lowell thus to go to The Vicar of Wakefield for a portrait of his father. Dr. Lowell lived till 1861, when his son was forty-two. <div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG class="img1" src="images/image_02.jpg" width-obs="400" height-obs="598" alt="Elmwood, Mr. Lowell's home in Cambridge." title="Elmwood, Mr. Lowell's home in Cambridge." /> Elmwood, Mr. Lowell's home in Cambridge.</div> Mrs. Harriet Spence Lowell, the poet's mother, was of Scotch origin, a native of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She is described as having "a great memory, an extraordinary aptitude for language, and a passionate fondness for ancient songs and ballads." It pleased her to fancy herself descended from the hero of one of the most famous ballads, Sir Patrick Spens, and at any rate she made a genuine link in the Poetic Succession. In a letter to his mother, written in 1837, Lowell says: "I am engaged in several poetical effusions, one of which I have dedicated to you, who have always been the patron and encourager of my youthful muse." The Russell in his name seems to intimate a strain of Jewish ancestry; at any rate Lowell took pride in the name on this account, for he was not slow to recognize the intellectual power of the Hebrew race. He was the youngest of a family of five, two daughters and three sons. An older brother who outlived him a short time, was the Rev. Robert Traill Spence Lowell, who wrote besides a novel, The New Priest in Conception Bay, which contains a delightful study of a Yankee, some poems, and a story of school-boy life. [viii] Not long before his death, Lowell wrote to an English friend a description of Elmwood, and as he was very fond of the house in which he lived and died, it is agreeable to read words which strove to set it before the eyes of one who had never seen it. "'Tis a pleasant old house, just about twice as old as I am, four miles from Boston, in what was once the country and is now a populous suburb. But it still has some ten acres of open about it, and some fine old trees. When the worst comes to the worst (if I live so long) I shall still have four and a half acres left with the house, the rest belonging to my brothers and sisters or their heirs. It is a square house, with four rooms on a floor, like some houses of the Georgian era I have seen in English provincial towns, only they are of brick, and this is of wood. But it is solid with its heavy oaken beams, the spaces between which in the four outer walls are filled in with brick, though you mustn't fancy a brick-and-timber house, for outwardly it is sheathed with wood. Inside there is much wainscot (of deal) painted white in the fashion of the time when it was built. It is very sunny, the sun rising so as to shine (at an acute angle to be sure) through the northern windows, and going round the other three sides in the course of the day. There is a pretty staircase with the quaint old twisted banisters,—which they call balusters now; but mine are banisters. My library occupies two rooms opening into each other by arches at the sides of the ample chimneys. The trees I look out on are the earliest things I remember. There you have me in my new-old quarters. But you must not fancy a large house—rooms sixteen feet square, and on the ground floor, nine high. It was large, as things went here, when it was built, and has a certain [ix]air of amplitude about it as from some inward sense of dignity." In an earlier letter he wrote: "Here I am in my garret. I slept here when I was a little curly-headed boy, and used to see visions between me and the ceiling, and dream the so often recurring dream of having the earth put into my hand like an orange. In it I used to be shut up without a lamp,—my mother saying that none of her children should be afraid of the dark,—to hide my head under the pillow, and then not be able to shut out the shapeless monsters that thronged around me, minted in my brain.... In winter my view is a wide one, taking in a part of Boston. I can see one long curve of the Charles and the wide fields between me and Cambridge, and the flat marshes beyond the river, smooth and silent with glittering snow. As the spring advances and one after another of our trees puts forth, the landscape is cut off from me piece by piece, till, by the end of May, I am closeted in a cool and rustling privacy of leaves." In two of his papers especially, My Garden Acquaintance and A Good Word for Winter, has Lowell given glimpses of the out-door life in the midst of which he grew up. <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>II.</h2> <h3>EDUCATION.</h3> His acquaintance with books and his schooling began early. He learned his letters at a dame school. Mr. William Wells, an Englishman, opened a classical school in one of the spacious Tory Row houses near Elmwood, and, bringing with him English public school thoroughness and severity, gave the boy a drilling in Latin, which he must have made almost a native speech to [x]judge by the ease with which he handled it afterward in mock heroics. Of course he went to Harvard College. He lived at his father's house, more than a mile away from the college yard; but this could have been no great privation to him, for he had the freedom of his friends' rooms, and he loved the open air. The Rev. Edward Everett Hale has given a sketch of their common life in college. "He was a little older than I," he says, "and was one class in advance of me. My older brother, with whom I lived in college, and he were most intimate friends. He had no room within the college walls, and was a great deal with us. The fashion of Cambridge was then literary. Now the fashion of Cambridge runs to social problems, but then we were interested in literature. We read Byron and Shelley and Keats, and we began to read Tennyson and Browning. I first heard of Tennyson from Lowell, who had borrowed from Mr. Emerson the little first volume of Tennyson. We actually passed about Tennyson's poems in manuscript. Carlyle's essays were being printed at the time, and his French Revolution. In such a community—not two hundred and fifty students all told,—literary effort was, as I say, the fashion, and literary men, among whom Lowell was recognized from the very first, were special favorites. Indeed, there was that in him which made him a favorite everywhere." Lowell was but fifteen years old when he entered college in the class which graduated in 1838. He was a reader, as so many of his fellows were, and the letters which he wrote shortly after leaving college show how intent he had been on making acquaintance with the best things in literature. He began also to scribble verse, and he wrote both poems and essays for college [xi]magazines. His class chose him their poet for Class Day, and he wrote his poem; but he was careless about conforming to college regulations respecting attendance at morning prayers; and for this was suspended from college the last term of his last year, and not allowed to come back to read his poem. "I have heard in later years," says Dr. Hale, "what I did not know then, that he rode down from Concord in a canvas-covered wagon, and peeped out through the chinks of the wagon to see the dancing around the tree. I fancy he received one or two visits from his friends in the wagon; but in those times it would have been treason to speak of this." He was sent to Concord for his rustication, and so passed a few weeks of his youth amongst scenes dear to every lover of American letters. <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>III.</h2> <h3>FIRST VENTURE.</h3> After his graduation he set about the study of law, and for a short time even was a clerk in a counting-room; but his bent was strongly toward literature. There was at that time no magazine of commanding importance in America, and young men were given to starting magazines with enthusiasm and very little other capital. Such a one was the Boston Miscellany, launched by Nathan Hale, Lowell's college friend, and for this Lowell wrote gaily. It lived a year, and shortly after Lowell himself, with Robert Carter, essayed The Pioneer in 1843. It lived just three months; but in that time printed contributions by Lowell, Hawthorne, Whittier, Story, Poe, and Dr. Parsons,—a group which it would be hard to match in any of the little magazines [xii]that hop across the world's path to-day. Lowell had already collected, in 1841, the poems which he had written and sometimes contributed to periodicals into a volume entitled A Year's Life; but he retained very little of the contents in later editions of his poems. The book has a special interest, however, from its dedication in veiled phrase to Maria White. He became engaged to this lady in the fall of 1840, and the next twelve years of his life were profoundly affected by her influence. Herself a poet of delicate power, she brought into his life an intelligent sympathy with his work; it was, however, her strong moral enthusiasm, her lofty conception of purity and justice, which kindled his spirit and gave force and direction to a character which was ready to respond, and yet might otherwise have delayed active expression. They were not married until 1844; but they were not far apart in their homes, and during these years Lowell was making those early ventures in literature, and first raids upon political and moral evil, which foretold the direction of his later work, and gave some hint of its abundance. About the time of his marriage, he published two books which, by their character, show pretty well the divided interest of his life. His bent from the beginning was more decidedly literary than that of any contemporary American poet. That is to say, the history and art of literature divided his interest with the production of literature, and he carried the unusual gift of a rare critical power, joined to hearty spontaneous creation. It may indeed be guessed that the keenness of judgment and incisiveness of wit which characterize his examination of literature sometimes interfered with his poetic power, and made him liable to question his art [xiii]when he would rather have expressed it unchecked. One of the two books was a volume of poems; the other was a prose work, Conversations on Some of the Old Poets. He did not keep this book alive; but it is interesting as marking the enthusiasm of a young scholar treading a way then almost wholly neglected in America, and intimating a line of thought and study in which he afterward made most noteworthy venture. Another series of poems followed in 1848, and in the same year The Vision of Sir Launfal. Perhaps it was in reaction from the marked sentiment of his poetry that he issued now a jeu d'esprit, A Fable for Critics, in which he hit off, with a rough and ready wit, the characteristics of the writers of the day, not forgetting himself in these lines: <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> There is Lowell, who's striving Parnassus to climb With a whole bale of isms tied together with rhyme; He might get on alone, spite of brambles and boulders, But he can't with that bundle he has on his shoulders; The top of the hill he will ne'er come nigh reaching Till he learns the distinction 'twixt singing and preaching; His lyre has some chords that would ring pretty well, But he'd rather by half make a drum of the shell, And rattle away till he's old as Methusalem, At the head of a march to the last new Jerusalem. </div> </div> This, of course, is but a half serious portrait of himself, and it touches but a single feature; others can say better that Lowell's ardent nature showed itself in the series of satirical poems which made him famous, The Biglow Papers, written in a spirit of indignation and fine scorn, when the Mexican War was causing many Americans to blush with shame at the use of the country by a class for its own ignoble ends. Lowell and his wife, who brought a fervid anti-slavery temper as part of her marriage portion, were both contributors to the [xiv]Liberty Bell; and Lowell was a frequent contributor to the Anti-Slavery Standard, and was, indeed, for a while a corresponding editor. In June, 1846, there appeared one day in the Boston Courier a letter from Mr. Ezekiel Biglow of Jaalam to the editor, Hon. Joseph T. Buckingham, inclosing a poem of his son, Mr. Hosea Biglow. It was no new thing to seek to arrest the public attention with the vernacular applied to public affairs. Major Jack Downing and Sam Slick had been notable examples, and they had many imitators; but the reader who laughed over the racy narrative of the unlettered Ezekiel, and then took up Hosea's poem and caught the gust of Yankee wrath and humor blown fresh in his face, knew that he was in at the appearance of something new in American literature. The force which Lowell displayed in these satires made his book at once a powerful ally of an anti-slavery sentiment, which heretofore had been ridiculed. <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>IV.</h2> <h3>VERSE AND PROSE.</h3> A year in Europe, 1851-1852, with his wife, whose health was then precarious, stimulated his scholarly interests, and gave substance to his study of Dante and Italian literature. In October, 1853, his wife died; she had borne him three children: the first-born, Blanche, died in infancy; the second, Walter, also died young; the third, a daughter, Mrs. Burnett, survived her parents. In 1855 he was chosen successor to Longfellow as Smith Professor of the French and Spanish Languages and Literature, and Professor of Belles Lettres in Harvard College. He spent two years in Europe in [xv]further preparation for the duties of his office, and in 1857 was again established in Cambridge, and installed in his academic chair. He married, also, at this time Miss Frances Dunlap, of Portland, Maine. Lowell was now in his thirty-ninth year. As a scholar, in his professional work, he had acquired a versatile knowledge of the Romance languages, and was an adept in old French and Provençal poetry; he had given a course of twelve lectures on English poetry before the Lowell Institute in Boston, which had made a strong impression on the community, and his work on the series of British Poets in connection with Professor Child, especially his biographical sketch of Keats, had been recognized as of a high order. In poetry he had published the volumes already mentioned. In general literature he had printed in magazines the papers which he afterward collected into his volume, Fireside Travels. Not long after he entered on his college duties, The Atlantic Monthly was started, and the editorship given to him. He held the office for a year or two only; but he continued to write for the magazine, and in 1862 he was associated with Mr. Charles Eliot Norton in the conduct of The North American Review, and continued in this charge for ten years. Much of his prose was contributed to this periodical. Any one reading the titles of the papers which comprise the volumes of his prose writings will readily see how much literature, and especially poetic literature, occupied his attention. Shakespeare, Dryden, Lessing, Rousseau, Dante, Spenser, Wordsworth, Milton, Keats, Carlyle, Percival, Thoreau, Swinburne, Chaucer, Emerson, Pope, Gray,—these are the principal subjects of his prose, and the range of topics indicates the catholicity of his taste. [xvi] In these papers, when studying poetry, he was very alive to the personality of the poets, and it was the strong interest in humanity which led Lowell, when he was most diligent in the pursuit of literature, to apply himself also to history and politics. Several of his essays bear witness to this, such as Witchcraft, New England Two Centuries Ago, A Great Public Character (Josiah Quincy), Abraham Lincoln, and his great Political Essays. But the most remarkable of his writings of this order was the second series of The Biglow Papers, published during the war for the Union. In these, with the wit and fun of the earlier series, there was mingled a deeper strain of feeling and a larger tone of patriotism. The limitations of his style in these satires forbade the fullest expression of his thought and emotion; but afterward in a succession of poems, occasioned by the honors paid to student soldiers in Cambridge, the death of Agassiz, and the celebration of national anniversaries during the years 1875 and 1876, he sang in loftier, more ardent strains. The most famous of these poems was his noble Commemoration Ode. <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>V.</h2> <h3>PUBLIC LIFE.</h3> It was at the close of this period, when he had done incalculable service to the Republic, that Lowell was called on to represent the country, first in Madrid, where he was sent in 1877, and then in London, to which he was transferred in 1880. Eight years were thus spent by him in the foreign service of the country. He had a good knowledge of the Spanish language and literature when he went to Spain; but he at once took pains to [xvii]make his knowledge fuller and his accent more perfect, so that he could have intimate relations with the best Spanish men of the time. In England he was at once a most welcome guest, and was in great demand as a public speaker. No one can read his dispatches from Madrid and London without being struck by his sagacity, his readiness in emergencies, his interest in and quick perception of the political situation in the country where he was resident, and his unerring knowledge as a man of the world. Above all, he was through and through an American, true to the principles which underlie American institutions. His address on Democracy, which he delivered in England, is one of the great statements of human liberty. A few years later, after his return to America, he gave another address to his own countrymen on The Place of the Independent in Politics. It was a noble defense of his own position, not without a trace of discouragement at the apparently sluggish movement in American self-government of recent years, but with that faith in the substance of his countrymen which gave him the right to use words of honest warning. The public life of Mr. Lowell made him more of a figure before the world. He received honors from societies and universities; he was decorated by the highest honors which Harvard could pay officially; and Oxford and Cambridge, St. Andrews and Edinburgh and Bologna, gave gowns. He established warm personal relations with Englishmen, and, after his release from public office, he made several visits to England. There, too, was buried his wife, who died in 1885. The closing years of his life in his own country, though touched with domestic loneliness and diminished by growing physical [xviii]infirmities that predicted his death, were rich also with the continued expression of his large personality. He delivered the public address in commemoration of the 250th anniversary of the founding of Harvard University; he gave a course of lectures on the Old English Dramatists before the Lowell Institute; he collected a volume of his poems; he wrote and spoke on public affairs; and, the year before his death, revised, rearranged, and carefully edited a definitive series of his writings in ten volumes. He died at Elmwood, August 12, 1891. Since his death three small volumes have been added to his collected writings, and Mr. Norton has published Letters of James Russell Lowell, in two volumes. <hr style="width: 65%;" /> [1] <h2>INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h2> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> Lowell was in his thirtieth year when he wrote and published The Vision of Sir Launfal. It appeared when he had just dashed off his Fable for Critics, and when he was in the thick of the anti-slavery fight, writing poetry and prose for The Anti-Slavery Standard, and sending out his witty Biglow Papers. He had married four years before, and was living in the homestead at Elmwood, walking in the country about, and full of eagerness at the prospect which lay before him. In a letter to his friend Charles F. Briggs, written in December, 1848, he says: "Last night ... I walked to Watertown over the snow, with the new moon before me and a sky exactly like that in Page's evening landscape. Orion was rising behind me, and, as I stood on the hill just before you enter the village, the stillness of the fields around me was delicious, broken only by the tinkle of a little brook which runs too swiftly for Frost to catch it. My picture of the brook in Sir Launfal was drawn from it. But why do I send you this description,—like the bones of a chicken I had picked? Simply because I was so happy as I stood there, and felt so sure of doing something that would justify my friends. But why do I not say that I have done something? I believe that I have done better than the world knows yet; but the past seems so little compared with the future.... I am the first poet who has endeavored [2]to express the American Idea, and I shall be popular by and by." It is not very likely that Lowell was thinking of Sir Launfal when he wrote this last sentence, yet it is not straining language too far to say that when he took up an Arthurian story he had a different attitude toward the whole cycle of legends from that of Tennyson, who had lately been reviving the legends for the pleasure of English-reading people. The exuberance of the poet as he carols of June in the prelude to Part First is an expression of the joyous spring which was in the veins of the young American, glad in the sense of freedom and hope. As Tennyson threw into his retelling of Arthurian romance a moral sense, so Lowell, also a moralist in his poetic apprehension, made a parable of his tale, and, in the broadest interpretation of democracy, sang of the leveling of all ranks in a common divine humanity. There is a subterranean passage connecting the Biglow Papers with Sir Launfal; it is the holy zeal which attacks slavery issuing in this fable of a beautiful charity, Christ in the guise of a beggar. The invention is a very simple one, and appears to have been suggested by Tennyson's Sir Galahad, though Lowell had no doubt read Sir Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur. The following is the note which accompanied The Vision when first published in 1848, and retained by Lowell in all subsequent editions:— <div class="blockquot">"According to the mythology of the Romancers, the San Greal, or Holy Grail, was the cup out of which Jesus Christ partook of the last supper with his disciples. It was brought into England by Joseph of Arimathea, and remained there, an object of pilgrimage and adoration, [3]for many years in the keeping of his lineal descendants. It was incumbent upon those who had charge of it to be chaste in thought, word, and deed; but, one of the keepers having broken this condition, the Holy Grail disappeared. From that time it was a favorite enterprise of the Knights of Arthur's court to go in search of it. Sir Galahad was at last successful in finding it, as may be read in the seventeenth book of the Romance of King Arthur. Tennyson has made Sir Galahad the subject of one of the most exquisite of his poems. "The plot (if I may give that name to anything so slight) of the following poem is my own, and, to serve its purposes, I have enlarged the circle of competition in search of the miraculous cup in such a manner as to include not only other persons than the heroes of the Round Table, but also a period of time subsequent to the date of King Arthur's reign." </div> [4] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>THE VISION OF SIR LAUNFAL</h2> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>PRELUDE TO PART FIRST.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Over his keys the musing organist, Beginning doubtfully and far away, First lets his fingers wander as they list, And builds a Bridge from Dreamland for his lay: 5Then, as the touch of his loved instrument Gives hope and fervor, nearer draws his theme, First guessed by faint auroral flushes sent Along the wavering vista of his dream. </div> <div class="stanza"> Not only around our infancy[1] 10Doth heaven with all its splendors lie; Daily, with souls that cringe and plot, We Sinais climb and know it not. </div> <div class="stanza"> Over our manhood bend the skies; Against our fallen and traitor lives 15The great winds utter prophecies: With our faint hearts the mountain strives; Its arms outstretched, the druid wood Waits with its benedicite; And to our age's drowsy blood 20Still shouts the inspiring sea. </div> <div class="stanza"> Earth gets its price for what Earth gives us; The beggar is taxed for a corner to die in, The priest hath his fee who comes and shrives us, We bargain for the graves we lie in; </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[1] In allusion to Wordsworth's <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> "Heaven lies about us in our infancy," </div> </div> in his ode, Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood.</div> [5] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 25At the Devil's booth are all things sold, Each ounce of dross costs its ounce of gold; For a cap and bells our lives we pay,[2] Bubbles we buy with a whole soul's tasking: 'T is heaven alone that is given away, 30'T is only God may be had for the asking; No price is set on the lavish summer; June may be had by the poorest comer. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[2] In the Middle Ages kings and noblemen had in their courts jesters to make sport for the company; as everyone then wore a dress indicating his rank or occupation, so the jester wore a cap hung with bells. The fool of Shakespeare's plays is the king's jester at his best. </div> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> And what is so rare as a day in June? Then, if ever, come perfect days; 35Then Heaven tries the earth if it be in tune, And over it softly her warm ear lays: Whether we look, or whether we listen, We hear life murmur, or see it glisten; Every clod feels a stir of might, 40An instinct within it that reaches and towers, And, groping blindly above it for light, Climbs to a soul in grass and flowers; The flush of life may well be seen Thrilling back over hills and valleys; 45The cowslip startles in meadows green, The buttercup catches the sun in its chalice, And there's never a leaf nor a blade too mean To be some happy creature's palace; The little bird sits at his door in the sun, 50Atilt like a blossom among the leaves, And lets his illumined being o'errun With the deluge of summer it receives; His mate feels the eggs beneath her wings, And the heart in her dumb breast flutters and sings; 55He sings to the wide world, and she to her nest,— In the nice ear of Nature which song is the best? </div> </div> [6] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Now is the high-tide of the year, And whatever of life hath ebbed away Comes flooding back with a ripply cheer, 60Into every bare inlet and creek and bay; Now the heart is so full that a drop overfills it, We are happy now because God wills it; No matter how barren the past may have been, 'Tis enough for us now that the leaves are green; 65We sit in the warm shade and feel right well How the sap creeps up and the blossoms swell; We may shut our eyes, but we cannot help knowing That skies are clear and grass is growing; The breeze comes whispering in our ear, 70That dandelions are blossoming near, That maize has sprouted, that streams are flowing, That the river is bluer than the sky, That the robin is plastering his house hard by; And if the breeze kept the good news back, 75For other couriers we should not lack; We could guess it all by yon heifer's lowing,— And hark! how clear bold chanticleer, Warmed with the new wine of the year, Tells all in his lusty crowing! </div> <div class="stanza"> 80Joy comes, grief goes, we know not how; Everything is happy now, Everything is upward striving; 'T is as easy now for the heart to be true As for grass to be green or skies to be blue,— 85'T is the natural way of living: [7] Who knows whither the clouds have fled? In the unscarred heaven they leave no wake, And the eyes forget the tears they have shed, The heart forgets its sorrow and ache; 90The soul partakes of the season's youth, And the sulphurous rifts of passion and woe Lie deep 'neath a silence pure and smooth, Like burnt-out craters healed with snow. What wonder if Sir Launfal now 95Remembered the keeping of his vow? </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>PART FIRST.</h2> I. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> "My golden spurs now bring to me, And bring to me my richest mail, For to-morrow I go over land and sea, In search of the Holy Grail; 100Shall never a bed for me be spread, Nor shall a pillow be under my head, Till I begin my vow to keep; Here on the rushes will I sleep, And perchance there may come a vision true 105Ere day create the world anew." Slowly Sir Launfal's eyes grew dim, Slumber fell like a cloud on him, And into his soul the vision flew. </div> </div> II. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> The crows flapped over by twos and threes, 110In the pool drowsed the cattle up to their knees, The little birds sang as if it were The one day of summer in all the year, [8] And the very leaves seemed to sing on the trees: The castle alone in the landscape lay 115Like an outpost of winter, dull and gray: 'Twas the proudest hall in the North Countree, And never its gates might opened be, Save to lord or lady of high degree; Summer besieged it on every side, 120But the churlish stone her assaults defied; She could not scale the chilly wall, Though around it for leagues her pavilions tall Stretched left and right, Over the hills and out of sight; 125Green and broad was every tent, And out of each a murmur went Till the breeze fell off at night. </div> </div> III. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> The drawbridge dropped with a surly clang, And through the dark arch a charger sprang, 130Bearing Sir Launfal, the maiden knight, In his gilded mail, that flamed so bright It seemed the dark castle had gathered all Those shafts the fierce sun had shot over its wall In his siege of three hundred summers long, 135And, binding them all in one blazing sheaf, Had cast them forth: so, young and strong, And lightsome as a locust-leaf, Sir Launfal flashed forth in his unscarred mail, To seek in all climes for the Holy Grail. </div> </div> IV. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 140It was morning on hill and stream and tree, And morning in the young knight's heart; Only the castle moodily [9] Rebuffed the gifts of the sunshine free, And gloomed by itself apart; 145The season brimmed all other things up Full as the rain fills the pitcher-plant's cup. </div> </div> V. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> As Sir Launfal made morn through the darksome gate, He was 'ware of a leper, crouched by the same, Who begged with his hand and moaned as he sate; 150And a loathing over Sir Launfal came; The sunshine went out of his soul with a thrill, The flesh 'neath his armor 'gan shrink and crawl, And midway its leap his heart stood still Like a frozen waterfall; 155For this man, so foul and bent of stature, Rasped harshly against his dainty nature, And seemed the one blot on the summer morn,— So he tossed him a piece of gold in scorn. </div> </div> VI. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> The leper raised not the gold from the dust: 160"Better to me the poor man's crust, Better the blessing of the poor, Though I turn me empty from his door; That is no true alms which the hand can hold; He gives nothing but worthless gold 165Who gives from a sense of duty; But he who gives but a slender mite, And gives to that which is out of sight, That thread of the all-sustaining Beauty Which runs through all and doth all unite,— 170The hand cannot clasp the whole of his alms, [10] The heart outstretches its eager palms, For a god goes with it and makes it store To the soul that was starving in darkness before." </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>PRELUDE TO PART SECOND.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Down swept the chill wind from the mountain peak,[3] 175From the snow five thousand summers old; On open wold and hill-top bleak It had gathered all the cold, And whirled it like sleet on the wanderer's cheek; It carried a shiver everywhere 180From the unleafed boughs and pastures bare; The little brook heard it and built a roof 'Neath which he could house him, winter-proof; All night by the white stars frosty gleams He groined his arches and matched his beams; 185Slender and clear were his crystal spars As the lashes of light that trim the stars; He sculptured every summer delight In his halls and chambers out of sight; Sometimes his tinkling waters slipt 190Down through a frost-leaved forest-crypt, Long, sparkling aisles of steel-stemmed trees Bending to counterfeit a breeze; Sometimes the roof no fretwork knew But silvery mosses that downward grew; 195Sometimes it was carved in sharp relief With quaint arabesques of ice-fern leaf; </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[3] Note the different moods that are indicated by the two preludes. The one is of June, the other of snow and winter. By these preludes the poet, like an organist, strikes a key which he holds in the subsequent parts. </div>   <div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG class="img1" src="images/image_03.jpg" width-obs="400" height-obs="589" alt="As Sir Launfal Made Morn Through the Darksome Gate." title="As Sir Launfal Made Morn Through the Darksome Gate." /> As Sir Launfal Made Morn Through the Darksome Gate.</div> [11] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Sometimes it was simply smooth and clear For the gladness of heaven to shine through, and here He had caught the nodding bulrush-tops 200And hung them thickly with diamond-drops, That crystalled the beams of moon and sun, And made a star of everyone: No mortal builder's most rare device[4] Could match this winter-palace of ice; 205'Twas as if every image that mirrored lay In his depths serene through the summer day,[5] Each fleeting shadow of earth and sky, Lest the happy model should be lost, Had been mimicked in fairy masonry 210By the elfin builders of the frost. </div> <div class="stanza"> Within the hall are song and laughter, The cheeks of Christmas grow red and jolly, And sprouting is every corbel and rafter With lightsome green of ivy and holly; 215Through the deep gulf of the chimney wide Wallows the Yule-log's roaring tide The broad flame-pennons droop and flap And belly and tug as a flag in the wind; Like a locust shrills the imprisoned sap, 220Hunted to death in its galleries blind; And swift little troops of silent sparks, Now pausing, now scattering away as in fear, Go threading the soot-forest's tangled darks Like herds of startled deer. 225But the wind without was eager and sharp, Of Sir Launfal's gray hair it makes a harp, And rattles and wrings The icy strings, Singing, in dreary monotone, 230A Christmas carol of its own, Whose burden still, as he might guess, Was—"Shelterless, shelterless, shelterless!" The voice of the seneschal flared like a torch As he shouted the wanderer away from the porch, 235And he sat in the gateway and saw all night The great hall-fire, so cheery and bold, Through the window-slits of the castle old, Build out its piers of ruddy light Against the drift of the cold. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[4] The Empress of Russia, Catherine II., in a magnificent freak, built a palace of ice, which was a nine-days' wonder. Cowper has given a poetical description of it in The Task, Book V. lines 131-176. [5] The Yule-log was anciently a huge log burned at the feast of Juul (pronounced Yule) by our Scandinavian ancestors in honor of the god Thor. Juul-tid (Yule-time) corresponded in time to Christmas tide, and when Christian festivities took the place of pagan, many ceremonies remained. The great log, still called the Yule-log, was dragged in and burned in the fireplace after Thor had been forgotten. </div> [12] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>PART SECOND.</h2> I. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 240There was never a leaf on bush or tree, The bare boughs rattled shudderingly; The river was dumb and could not speak, For the weaver Winter its shroud had spun, A single crow on the tree-top bleak 245From his shining feathers shed off the cold sun; Again it was morning, but shrunk and cold, As if her veins were sapless and old, And she rose up decrepitly For a last dim look at earth and sea. </div> </div> [13] II. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 250Sir Launfal turned from his own hard gate, For another heir in his earldom sate; An old, bent man, worn out and frail, He came back from seeking the Holy Grail; Little he recked of his earldom's loss, 255No more on his surcoat was blazoned the cross, But deep in his soul the sign he wore, The badge of the suffering and the poor. </div> </div> III. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Sir Launfal's raiment thin and spare Was idle mail 'gainst the barbed air, 260For it was just at the Christmas time; So he mused, as he sat, of a sunnier clime, And sought for a shelter from cold and snow In the light and warmth of long-ago; He sees the snake-like caravan crawl 265O'er the edge of the desert, black and small, Then nearer and nearer, till, one by one, He can count the camels in the sun, As over the red-hot sands they pass To where, in its slender necklace of grass, 270The little spring laughed and leapt in the shade, And with its own self like an infant played, And waved its signal of palms. </div> </div> IV. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> "For Christ's sweet sake, I beg an alms;"— The happy camels may reach the spring, 275But Sir Launfal sees only the grewsome thing, The leper, lank as the rain-blanched bone, That cowers beside him, a thing as lone [14] And white as the ice-isles of Northern seas In the desolate horror of his disease. </div> </div> V. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 280And Sir Launfal said,—"I behold in thee An image of Him who died on the tree; Thou also hast had thy crown of thorns,— Thou also hast had the world's buffets and scorns,— And to thy life were not denied 285The wounds in the hands and feet and side; Mild Mary's Son, acknowledge me; Behold, through him, I give to Thee!" </div> </div> VI. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Then the soul of the leper stood up in his eyes And looked at Sir Launfal, and straightway he 290Remembered in what a haughtier guise He had flung an alms to leprosie, When he girt his young life up in gilded mail And set forth in search of the Holy Grail. The heart within him was ashes and dust; 295He parted in twain his single crust, He broke the ice on the streamlet's brink, And gave the leper to eat and drink: 'T was a mouldy crust of coarse brown bread, 'T was water out of a wooden bowl,— 300Yet with fine wheaten bread was the leper fed, And 't was red wine he drank with his thirsty soul. </div> </div> <div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG class="img1" src="images/image_04.jpg" width-obs="400" height-obs="626" alt="So he Mused, as he sat, of a sunnier clime." title="So he Mused, as he sat, of a sunnier clime." /> So he Mused, as he sat, of a sunnier clime.</div> VII. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> As Sir Launfal mused with a downcast face, A light shone round about the place; The leper no longer crouched at his side, [15] 305But stood before him glorified, Shining and tall and fair and straight As the pillar that stood by the Beautiful Gate,— Himself the Gate whereby men can Enter the temple of God in Man. </div> </div> VIII. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 310His words were shed softer than leaves from the pine, And they fell on Sir Launfal as snows on the brine, That mingle their softness and quiet in one With the shaggy unrest they float down upon; And the voice that was calmer than silence said, 315"Lo it is I, be not afraid! In many climes, without avail, Thou hast spent thy life for the Holy Grail; Behold, it is here,—this cup which thou Didst fill at the streamlet for Me but now; 320This crust is My body broken for thee, This water His blood that died on the tree; The Holy Supper is kept, indeed, In whatso we share with another's need: Not what we give, but what we share,— 325For the gift without the giver is bare; Who gives himself with his alms feeds three,— Himself, his hungering neighbor, and Me." </div> </div> IX. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Sir Launfal awoke as from a swound:— "The Grail in my castle here is found! 330Hang my idle armor up on the wall, Let it be the spider's banquet-hall; He must be fenced with stronger mail Who would seek and find the Holy Grail." </div> </div> [16] X. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> The castle gate stands open now, 335And the wanderer is welcome to the hall As the hangbird is to the elm-tree bough; No longer scowl the turrets tall, The Summer's long siege at last is o'er; When the first poor outcast went in at the door, 340She entered with him in disguise, And mastered the fortress by surprise; There is no spot she loves so well on ground, She lingers and smiles there the whole year round; The meanest serf on Sir Launfal's land 345Has hall and bower at his command; And there's no poor man in the North Countree But is lord of the earldom as much as he. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>ODE RECITED AT THE HARVARD COMMEMORATION.</h2> [On the 21st of July, 1865, Harvard University welcomed back those of its students and graduates who had fought in the war for the Union. By exercises in the church and at the festival which followed, the services of the dead and the living were commemorated. It was on this occasion that Mr. Lowell recited the following ode.] I. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Weak-winged is song, Nor aims at that clear-ethered height Whither the brave deed climbs for light: We seem to do them wrong, 5Bringing our robin's-leaf to deck their hearse [17] Who in warm life-blood wrote their nobler verse, Our trivial song to honor those who come With ears attuned to strenuous trump and drum, And shaped in squadron-strophes their desire, 10Live battle-odes whose lines were steel and fire: Yet sometimes feathered words are strong, A gracious memory to buoy up and save From Lethe's dreamless ooze, the common grave Of the unventurous throng. </div> </div> II. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 15To-day our Reverend Mother welcomes back Her wisest Scholars, those who understood The deeper teaching of her mystic tome, And offered their fresh lives to make it good: No lore of Greece or Rome, 20No science peddling with the names of things, Or reading stars to find inglorious fates, Can lift our life with wings Far from Death's idle gulf that for the many waits, And lengthen out our dates 25With that clear fame whose memory sings In manly hearts to come, and nerves them and dilates: Nor such thy teaching, Mother of us all! Not such the trumpet-call Of thy diviner mood, 30That could thy sons entice From happy homes and toils, the fruitful nest Of those half-virtues which the world calls best, Into War's tumult rude; But rather far that stern device 35The sponsors chose that round thy cradle stood In the dim, unventured wood, [18] The Veritas that lurks beneath[6] The letter's unprolific sheath, Life of whate'er makes life worth living, 40Seed-grain of high emprise, immortal food, One heavenly thing whereof earth hath the giving. </div> </div> III. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Many loved Truth, and lavished life's best oil Amid the dust of books to find her, Content at last, for guerdon of their toil, 45With the cast mantle she hath left behind her. Many in sad faith sought for her, Many with crossed hands sighed for her; But these, our brothers, fought for her, At life's dear peril wrought for her, 50So loved her that they died for her, Tasting the raptured fleetness Of her divine completeness Their higher instinct knew Those love her best who to themselves are true, 55And what they dare to dream of, dare to do; They followed her and found her Where all may hope to find, Not in the ashes of the burnt-out mind, But beautiful, with danger's sweetness round her. 60Where faith made whole with deed Breathes its awakening breath Into the lifeless creed, They saw her plumed and mailed, With sweet, stern face unveiled, 65And all-repaying eyes, look proud on them in death. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[6] An early emblem of Harvard College was a shield with Veritas (truth) upon three open books. This device is still used. </div> [19] IV. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Our slender life runs rippling by, and glides Into the silent hollow of the past; What is there that abides To make the next age better for the last? 70Is earth too poor to give us Something to live for here that shall outlive us? Some more substantial boon Than such as flows and ebbs with Fortune's fickle moon? The little that we see 75From doubt is never free; The little that we do Is but half-nobly true; With our laborious hiving What men call treasure, and the gods call dross, 80Life seems a jest of Fate's contriving, Only secure in everyone's conniving, A long account of nothings paid with loss, Where we poor puppets, jerked by unseen wires, After our little hour of strut and rave, 85With all our pasteboard passions and desires, Loves, hates, ambitions, and immortal fires, Are tossed pell-mell together in the grave. But stay! no age was e'er degenerate, Unless men held it at too cheap a rate, 90For in our likeness still we shape our fate. Ah, there is something here Unfathomed by the cynic's sneer, Something that gives our feeble light A high immunity from Night, 95Something that leaps life's narrow bars To claim its birthright with the hosts of heaven; [20] A seed of sunshine that doth leaven Our earthly dulness with the beams of stars, And glorify our clay 100With light from fountains elder than the Day; A conscience more divine than we, A gladness fed with secret tears, A vexing, forward-reaching sense Of some more noble permanence; 105A light across the sea, Which haunts the soul and will not let it be, Still glimmering from the heights of undegenerate years. </div> </div> V. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Whither leads the path To ampler fates that leads? 110Not down through flowery meads, To reap an aftermath Of youth's vainglorious weeds; But up the steep, amid the wrath And shock of deadly-hostile creeds, 115Where the world's best hope and stay By battle's flashes gropes a desperate way, And every turf the fierce foot clings to bleeds. Peace hath her not ignoble wreath, Ere yet the sharp, decisive word 120Light the black lips of cannon, and the sword Dreams in its easeful sheath; But some day the live coal behind the thought, Whether from Baal's stone obscene, Or from the shrine serene 125Of God's pure altar brought, Bursts up in flame; the war of tongue and pen [21] Learns with what deadly purpose it was fraught, And, helpless in the fiery passion caught, Shakes all the pillared state with shock of men: 130Some day the soft Ideal that we wooed Confronts us fiercely, foe-beset, pursued, And cries reproachful: "Was it, then, my praise, And not myself was loved? Prove now thy truth; I claim of thee the promise of thy youth; 135Give me thy life, or cower in empty phrase, The victim of thy genius, not its mate!" Life may be given in many ways, And loyalty to Truth be sealed As bravely in the closet as the field, 140So bountiful is Fate; But then to stand beside her, When craven churls deride her, To front a lie in arms and not to yield, This shows, methinks, God's plan 145And measure of a stalwart man, Limbed like the old heroic breeds, Who stands self-poised on manhood's solid earth; Not forced to frame excuses for his birth, Fed from within with all the strength he needs. </div> </div> VI. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 150Such was he, our Martyr-Chief, Whom late the Nation he had led, With ashes on her head, Wept with the passion of an angry grief: Forgive me, if from present things I turn 155To speak what in my heart will beat and burn, And hang my wreath on his world-honored urn. Nature, they say, doth dote, [22] And cannot make a man Save on some worn-out plan, 160Repeating us by rote: For him her Old-World moulds aside she threw, And, choosing sweet clay from the breast Of the unexhausted West, With stuff untainted shaped a hero new, 165Wise, steadfast in the strength of God, and true. How beautiful to see Once more a shepherd of mankind indeed, Who loved his charge, but never loved to lead; One whose meek flock the people joyed to be, 170Not lured by any cheat of birth, But by his clear-grained human worth, And brave old wisdom of sincerity! They knew that outward grace is dust; They could not choose but trust 175In that sure-footed mind's unfaltering skill, And supple-tempered will That bent like perfect steel to spring again and thrust. His was no lonely mountain-peak of mind, Thrusting to thin air o'er our cloudy bars, 180A sea-mark now, now lost in vapors blind; Broad prairie rather, genial, level-lined, Fruitful and friendly for all human-kind, Yet also nigh to heaven and loved of loftiest stars. Nothing of Europe here, 185Or, then, of Europe fronting mornward still, Ere any names of Serf and Peer Could Nature's equal scheme deface And thwart her genial will; Here was a type of the true elder race, 190And one of Plutarch's men talked with us face to face. [23]I praise him not; it were too late; And some innative weakness there must be In him who condescends to victory Such as the Present gives, and cannot wait, 195Safe in himself as in a fate. So always firmly he: He knew to bide his time, And can his fame abide, Still patient in his simple faith sublime, 200Till the wise years decide. Great captains, with their guns and drums, Disturb our judgment for the hour, But at last silence comes; These all are gone, and, standing like a tower, 205Our children shall behold his fame, The kindly-earnest, brave, foreseeing man, Sagacious, patient, dreading praise, not blame, New birth of our new soil, the first American. </div> </div> VII. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Long as man's hope insatiate can discern 210Or only guess some more inspiring goal Outside of Self, enduring as the pole, Along whose course the flying axles burn Of spirits bravely-pitched, earth's manlier brood; Long as below we cannot find 215The meed that stills the inexorable mind; So long this faith to some ideal Good, Under whatever mortal name it masks, Freedom, Law, Country, this ethereal mood That thanks the Fates for their severer tasks, 220Feeling its challenged pulses leap, While others skulk in subterfuges cheap, And, set in Danger's van, has all the boon it asks, [24] Shall win man's praise and woman's love, Shall be a wisdom that we set above 225All other skills and gifts to culture dear, A virtue round whose forehead we enwreathe Laurels that with a living passion breathe When other crowns grow, while we twine them, sear. What brings us thronging these high rites to pay, 230And seal these hours the noblest of our year, Save that our brothers found this better way? </div> </div> VIII. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> We sit here in the Promised Land That flows with Freedom's honey and milk; But 't was they won it, sword in hand, 235Making the nettle danger soft for us as silk.[7] We welcome back our bravest and our best;— Ah me! not all! some come not with the rest, Who went forth brave and bright as any here! I strive to mix some gladness with my strain, 240But the sad strings complain, And will not please the ear: I sweep them for a pæan, but they wane Again and yet again Into a dirge, and die away in pain. 245In these brave ranks I only see the gaps, Thinking of dear ones whom the dumb turf wraps, Dark to the triumph which they died to gain: Fitlier may others greet the living, For me the past is unforgiving; 250I with uncovered head Salute the sacred dead, Who went, and who return not.—Say not so! 'Tis not the grapes of Canaan that repay,[8] But the high faith that failed not by the way; 255Virtue treads paths that end not in the grave;[9] No bar of endless night exiles the brave; And to the saner mind We rather seem the dead that stayed behind. Blow, trumpets, all your exultations blow! 260For never shall their aureoled presence lack: I see them muster in a gleaming row, With ever-youthful brows that nobler show; We find in our dull road their shining track; In every nobler mood 265We feel the orient of their spirit glow, Part of our life's unalterable good, Of all our saintlier aspiration; They come transfigured back, Secure from change in their high-hearted ways, 270Beautiful evermore, and with the rays Of morn on their white Shields of Expectation! </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[7] See Shakespeare, King Henry IV. Pt. I Act II Sc. 3. "Out of this nettle, danger, we pluck this flower, safety." [8] See the Book of Numbers, chapter xiii. [9] Compare Gray's line in Elegy in a Country Churchyard. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> "The paths of glory lead but to the grave." </div> </div></div> [25] IX. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> But is there hope to save Even this ethereal essence from the grave? What ever 'scaped Oblivion's subtle wrong 275Save a few clarion names, or golden threads of song Before my musing eye The mighty ones of old sweep by, Disvoicéd now and insubstantial things, As noisy once as we; poor ghosts of kings, 280Shadows of empire wholly gone to dust, [26] And many races, nameless long ago, To darkness driven by that imperious gust Of ever-rushing Time that here doth blow: O visionary world, condition strange, 285Where naught abiding is but only Change, Where the deep-bolted stars themselves still shift and range! Shall we to more continuance make pretence? Renown builds tombs; a life-estate is Wit; And, bit by bit, 290The cunning years steal all from us but woe: Leaves are we, whose decays no harvest sow. But, when we vanish hence, Shall they lie forceless in the dark below, Save to make green their little length of sods, 295Or deepen pansies for a year or two, Who now to us are shining-sweet as gods? Was dying all they had the skill to do? That were not fruitless: but the Soul resents Such short-lived service, as if blind events 300Ruled without her, or earth could so endure; She claims a more divine investiture Of longer tenure than Fame's airy rents; Whate'er she touches doth her nature share; Her inspiration haunts the ennobled air, Gives eyes to mountains blind, 305Ears to the deaf earth, voices to the wind, And her clear trump sings succor everywhere By lonely bivouacs to the wakeful mind, For soul inherits all that soul could dare: Yea, Manhood hath a wider span 310And larger privilege of life than man. The single deed, the private sacrifice, [27] So radiant now through proudly-hidden tears, Is covered up ere long from mortal eyes With thoughtless drift of the deciduous years; 315But that high privilege that makes all men peers, That leap of heart whereby a people rise Up to a noble anger's height, And, flamed on by the Fates, not shrink, but grow more bright, That swift validity in noble veins, 320Of choosing danger and disdaining shame, Of being set on flame By the pure fire that flies all contact base, But wraps its chosen with angelic might, These are imperishable gains, 325Sure as the sun, medicinal as light, These hold great futures in their lusty reins And certify to earth a new imperial race. </div> </div> X. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Who now shall sneer? Who dare again to say we trace 330Our lines to a plebeian race? Roundhead and Cavalier! Dumb are those names erewhile in battle loud; Dream-footed as the shadow of a cloud, They flit across the ear: 335That is best blood that hath most iron in 't. To edge resolve with, pouring without stint For what makes manhood dear. Tell us not of Plantagenets, Hapsburgs, and Guelfs, whose thin bloods crawl 340Down from some victor in a border-brawl! How poor their outworn coronets, [28] Matched with one leaf of that plain civic wreath Our brave for honor's blazon shall bequeath, Through whose desert a rescued Nation sets 345Her heel on treason, and the trumpet hears Shout victory, tingling Europe's sullen ears With vain resentments and more vain regrets! </div> </div> XI. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Not in anger, not in pride, Pure from passion's mixture rude, 350Ever to base earth allied, But with far-heard gratitude, Still with heart and voice renewed, To heroes living and dear martyrs dead, The strain should close that consecrates our brave. 355Lift the heart and lift the head! Lofty be its mood and grave, Not without a martial ring, Not without a prouder tread And a peal of exultation: 360Little right has he to sing Through whose heart in such an hour Beats no march of conscious power, Sweeps no tumult of elation! 'Tis no Man we celebrate, 365By his country's victories great, A hero half, and half the whim of Fate, But the pith and marrow of a Nation Drawing force from all her men, Highest, humblest, weakest, all, 370For her time of need, and then Pulsing it again through them, Till the basest can no longer cower, [29] Feeling his soul spring up divinely tall, Touched but in passing by her mantle-hem. 375Come back, then, noble pride, for 'tis her dower! How could poet ever tower, If his passions, hopes, and fears, If his triumphs and his tears, Kept not measure with his people? 380Boom, cannon, boom to all the winds and waves! Clash out, glad bells, from every rocking steeple! Banners, adance with triumph, bend your staves! And from every mountain-peak Let beacon-fire to answering beacon speak, 385Katahdin tell Monadnock, Whiteface he, And so leap on in light from sea to sea, Till the glad news be sent Across a kindling continent, Making earth feel more firm and air breathe braver: 390"Be proud! for she is saved, and all have helped to save her! She that lifts up the manhood of the poor, She of the open soul and open door, With room about her hearth for all mankind! The fire is dreadful in her eyes no more; 395From her bold front the helm she doth unbind, Sends all her handmaid armies back to spin, And bids her navies, that so lately hurled Their crashing battle, hold their thunders in, Swimming like birds of calm along the unharmful shore. 400No challenge sends she to the elder world, That looked askance and hated; a light scorn Plays o'er her mouth, as round her mighty knees [30]She calls her children back, and waits the morn Of nobler day, enthroned between her subject seas." </div> </div> XII. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 405Bow down, dear Land, for thou hast found release! Thy God, in these distempered days, Hath taught thee the sure wisdom of His ways, And through thine enemies hath wrought thy peace! Bow down in prayer and praise! 410No poorest in thy borders but may now Lift to the juster skies a man's enfranchised brow, O Beautiful! my Country! ours once more! Smoothing thy gold of war-dishevelled hair O'er such sweet brows as never other wore, 415And letting thy set lips, Freed from wrath's pale eclipse, The rosy edges of their smile lay bare, What words divine of lover or of poet Could tell our love and make thee know it, 420Among the Nations bright beyond compare? What were our lives without thee? What all our lives to save thee? We reck not what we gave thee; We will not dare to doubt thee, 425But ask whatever else, and we will dare! </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <div class="figcenter"><ANTIMG class="img1" src="images/image_07.jpg" alt="The Seal of Harvard University" width-obs="150" height-obs="148" /> The Seal of Harvard University</div> [31] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>ON BOARD THE '76.</h2> <h3>WRITTEN FOR MR. BRYANT'S SEVENTIETH BIRTHDAY.</h3> November 3, 1864. [After the disastrous battle of Bull Run, Congress authorized the creation of an army of 500,000, and the expenditure of $500,000,000. The affair of the Trent had partially indicated the temper of the English government, and the people of the United States were thoroughly roused to a sense of the great task which lay before them. Mr. Bryant, at this time, not only gave strong support to the Union through his paper The Evening Post of New York, but wrote two lyrics which had a profound effect. One of these, entitled Not Yet, was addressed to those of the Old World who were secretly or openly desiring the downfall of the republic. The other, Our Country's Call, was a thrilling appeal for recruits. It is to this time and these two poems that Mr. Lowell refers in the lines that follow.] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Our ship lay tumbling in an angry sea, Her rudder gone, her mainmast o'er the side; Her scuppers, from the waves' clutch staggering free, Trailed threads of priceless crimson through the tide; 5Sails, shrouds, and spars with pirate cannon torn, We lay, awaiting morn. </div> <div class="stanza"> Awaiting morn, such morn as mocks despair; And she that bare the promise of the world Within her sides, now hopeless, helmless, bare, 10At random o'er the wildering waters hurled; The reek of battle drifting slow alee [32] Not sullener than we. </div> <div class="stanza"> Morn came at last to peer into our woe, When lo, a sail! Now surely help was nigh; 15The red cross flames aloft, Christ's pledge; but no,[10] Her black guns grinning hate, she rushes by And hails us:—"Gains the leak! Ay, so we thought! Sink, then, with curses fraught!" </div> <div class="stanza"> I leaned against my gun still angry-hot, 20And my lids tingled with the tears held back; This scorn methought was crueller than shot: The manly death-grip in the battle-wrack, Yard-arm to yard-arm, were more friendly far Than such fear-smothered war. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25There our foe wallowed, like a wounded brute The fiercer for his hurt. What now were best? Once more tug bravely at the peril's root, Though death came with it? Or evade the test If right or wrong in this God's world of ours 30Be leagued with higher powers? </div> <div class="stanza"> Some, faintly loyal, felt their pulses lag With the slow beat that doubts and then despairs; Some, caitiff, would have struck the starry flag That knits us with our past, and makes us heirs 35Of deeds high-hearted as were ever done 'Neath the all-seeing sun. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[10] The red cross is the British flag. </div> [33] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> But there was one, the Singer of our crew, Upon whose head Age waved his peaceful sign, But whose red heart's-blood no surrender knew; 40And couchant under brows of massive line, The eyes, like guns beneath a parapet, Watched, charged with lightnings yet. </div> <div class="stanza"> The voices of the hills did his obey; The torrents flashed and tumbled in his song; 45He brought our native fields from far away, Or set us 'mid the innumerable throng Of dateless woods, or where we heard the calm Old homestead's evening psalm. </div> <div class="stanza"> But now he sang of faith to things unseen, 50Of freedom's birthright given to us in trust; And words of doughty cheer he spoke between, That made all earthly fortune seem as dust, Matched with that duty, old as Time and new, Of being brave and true. </div> <div class="stanza"> 55We, listening, learned what makes the might of words,— Manhood to back them, constant as a star; His voice rammed home our cannon, edged our swords, And sent our boarders shouting; shroud and spar Heard him and stiffened; the sails heard, and wooed 60The winds with loftier mood. </div> <div class="stanza"> In our dark hours he manned our guns again; Remanned ourselves from his own manhood's stores; Pride, honor, country, throbbed through all his strain: And shall we praise? God's praise was his before; [34] 65And on our futile laurels he looks down, Himself our bravest crown. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>AN INDIAN-SUMMER REVERIE.</h2> [When Mr. Lowell wrote this poem he was living at Elmwood in Cambridge, at that time quite remote from town influences,—Cambridge itself being scarcely more than a village,—but now rapidly losing its rustic surroundings. The Charles River flowed near by, then a limpid stream, untroubled by factories or sewage. It is a tidal river and not far from Elmwood winds through broad salt marshes. Mr. Longfellow's old home is a short stroll nearer town, and the two poets exchanged pleasant shots, as may be seen by Lowell's To H.W.L., and Longfellow's The Herons of Elmwood. In Under the Willows Mr. Lowell has, as it were, indulged in another reverie at a later period of his life, among the same familiar surroundings.] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> What visionary tints the year puts on, When falling leaves falter through motionless air Or numbly cling and shiver to be gone! How shimmer the low flats and pastures bare, 5As with her nectar Hebe Autumn fills The bowl between me and those distant hills, And smiles and shakes abroad her misty, tremulous hair! </div> <div class="stanza"> No more the landscape holds its wealth apart, Making me poorer in my poverty, 10But mingles with my senses and my heart; [35] My own projected spirit seems to me In her own reverie the world to steep; 'Tis she that waves to sympathetic sleep, Moving, as she is moved, each field and hill and tree. </div> <div class="stanza"> 15How fuse and mix, with what unfelt degrees, Clasped by the faint horizon's languid arms, Each into each, the hazy distances! The softened season all the landscape charms; Those hills, my native village that embay, 20In waves of dreamier purple roll away, And floating in mirage seem all the glimmering farms. </div> <div class="stanza"> Far distant sounds the hidden chickadee Close at my side; far distant sound the leaves; The fields seem fields of dream, where Memory 25Wanders like gleaning Ruth; and as the sheaves Of wheat and barley wavered in the eye Of Boaz as the maiden's glow went by, So tremble and seem remote all things the sense receives. </div> <div class="stanza"> The cock's shrill trump that tells of scattered corn, 30Passed breezily on by all his flapping mates, Faint and more faint, from barn to barn is borne, Southward, perhaps to far Magellan's Straits; Dimly I catch the throb of distant flails; 34Silently overhead the hen-hawk sails, With watchful, measuring eye, and for his quarry waits. </div> <div class="stanza"> The sobered robin, hunger-silent now, Seeks cedar-berries blue, his autumn cheer; [36]The squirrel, on the shingly shagbark's bough, Now saws, now lists with downward eye and ear, 40Then drops his nut, and, with a chipping bound, Whisks to his winding fastness underground; The clouds like swans drift down the streaming atmosphere. </div> <div class="stanza"> O'er yon bare knoll the pointed cedar shadows Drowse on the crisp, gray moss; the ploughman's call 45Creeps faint as smoke from black, fresh-furrowed meadows; The single crow a single caw lets fall; And all around me every bush and tree Says Autumn's here, and Winter soon will be, Who snows his soft, white sleep and silence over all. </div> <div class="stanza"> 50The birch, most shy and ladylike of trees, Her poverty, as best she may, retrieves, And hints at her foregone gentilities With some saved relics of her wealth of leaves; The swamp-oak, with his royal purple on, 55Glares red as blood across the sinking sun, As one who proudlier to a falling fortune cleaves. </div> <div class="stanza"> He looks a sachem, in red blanket wrapt, Who, 'mid some council of the sad-garbed whites, Erect and stern, in his own memories lapt, 60With distant eye broods over other sights, Sees the hushed wood the city's flare replace, The wounded turf heal o'er the railway's trace, And roams the savage Past of his undwindled rights. </div> <div class="stanza">[37] The red-oak, softer-grained, yields all for lost, 65And, with his crumpled foliage stiff and dry, After the first betrayal of the frost, Rebuffs the kiss of the relenting sky; The chestnuts, lavish of their long-hid gold, 69To the faint Summer, beggared now and old, Pour back the sunshine hoarded 'neath her favoring eye. </div> <div class="stanza"> The ash her purple drops forgivingly And sadly, breaking not the general hush; The maple-swamps glow like a sunset sea, Each leaf a ripple with its separate flush; 75All round the wood's edge creeps the skirting blaze Of bushes low, as when, on cloudy days, Ere the rain falls, the cautious farmer burns his brush. </div> <div class="stanza"> O'er yon low wall, which guards one unkempt zone, Where vines and weeds and scrub-oaks intertwine 80Safe from the plough, whose rough, discordant stone Is massed to one soft gray by lichens fine, The tangled blackberry, crossed and recrossed, weaves A prickly network of ensanguined leaves; Hard by, with coral beads, the prim black-alders shine. </div> <div class="stanza"> 85Pillaring with flame this crumbling boundary, Whose loose blocks topple 'neath the ploughboy's foot, Who, with each sense shut fast except the eye, Creeps close and scares the jay he hoped to shoot, The woodbine up the elm's straight stem aspires, 90Coiling it, harmless, with autumnal fires; [38] In the ivy's paler blaze the martyr oak stands mute. </div> <div class="stanza"> Below, the Charles—a stripe of nether sky, Now hid by rounded apple-trees between, Whose gaps the misplaced sail sweeps bellying by, 95Now flickering golden through a woodland screen, Then spreading out, at his next turn beyond, A silver circle like an inland pond— Slips seaward silently through marshes purple and green. </div> <div class="stanza"> Dear marshes! vain to him the gift of sight 100Who cannot in their various incomes share, From every season drawn, of shade and light, Who sees in them but levels brown and bare; Each change of storm or sunshine scatters free 104On them its largess of variety, For Nature with cheap means still works her wonders rare. </div> <div class="stanza"> In Spring they lie one broad expanse of green, O'er which the light winds run with glimmering feet: Here, yellower stripes track out the creek unseen, There, darker growths o'er hidden ditches meet; 110And purpler stains show where the blossoms crowd, As if the silent shadow of a cloud Hung there becalmed, with the next breath to fleet. </div> <div class="stanza"> All round, upon the river's slippery edge, Witching to deeper calm the drowsy tide, 115Whispers and leans the breeze-entangling sedge; Through emerald glooms the lingering waters slide, [39]Or, sometimes wavering, throw back the sun, And the stiff banks in eddies melt and run Of dimpling light, and with the current seem to glide. </div> <div class="stanza"> 120In Summer 'tis a blithesome sight to see, As, step by step, with measured swing, they pass, The wide-ranked mowers wading to the knee, Their sharp scythes panting through the thick-set grass; Then, stretched beneath a rick's shade in a ring, 125Their nooning take, while one begins to sing A stave that droops and dies 'neath the close sky of brass. </div> <div class="stanza"> Meanwhile that devil-may-care, the bobolink, Remembering duty, in mid-quaver stops Just ere he sweeps o'er rapture's tremulous brink, 130And 'twixt the winrows most demurely drops, A decorous bird of business, who provides For his brown mate and fledglings six besides, And looks from right to left, a farmer 'mid his crops. </div> <div class="stanza"> Another change subdues them in the Fall, 135But saddens not; they still show merrier tints, Though sober russet seems to cover all; When the first sunshine through their dewdrops glints. Look how the yellow clearness, streamed across, 139Redeems with rarer hues the season's loss, As Dawn's feet there had touched and left their rosy prints. </div> <div class="stanza"> Or come when sunset gives its freshened zest, Lean o'er the bridge and let the ruddy thrill, While the shorn sun swells down the hazy west, [40]Glow opposite;—the marshes drink their fill 145And swoon with purple veins, then slowly fade Through pink to brown, as eastward moves the shade, Lengthening with stealthy creep, of Simond's darkening hill. </div> <div class="stanza"> Later, and yet ere Winter wholly shuts, Ere through the first dry snow the runner grates, 150And the loath cart-wheel screams in slippery ruts, While firmer ice the eager boy awaits, Trying each buckle and strap beside the fire, And until bedtime plays with his desire, Twenty times putting on and off his new-bought skates;— </div> <div class="stanza"> 155Then, every morn, the river's banks shine bright With smooth plate-armor, treacherous and frail, By the frost's clinking hammers forged at night, 'Gainst which the lances of the sun prevail, Giving a pretty emblem of the day 160When guiltier arms in light shall melt away, And states shall move free-limbed, loosed from war's cramping mail. </div> <div class="stanza"> And now those waterfalls the ebbing river Twice every day creates on either side Tinkle, as through their fresh-sparred grots they shiver 165In grass-arched channels to the sun denied; High flaps in sparkling blue the far-heard crow, The silvered flats gleam frostily below, Suddenly drops the gull and breaks the glassy tide. </div> <div class="stanza">[41] But crowned in turn by vying seasons three, 170Their winter halo hath a fuller ring; This glory seems to rest immovably,— The others were too fleet and vanishing; When the hid tide is at its highest flow, 174O'er marsh and stream one breathless trance of snow With brooding fulness awes and hushes everything. </div> <div class="stanza"> The sunshine seems blown off by the bleak wind, As pale as formal candles lit by day; Gropes to the sea the river dumb and blind; The brown ricks, snow-thatched by the storm in play, 180Show pearly breakers combing o'er their lee, White crests as of some just enchanted sea, Checked in their maddest leap and hanging poised midway. </div> <div class="stanza"> But when the eastern blow, with rain aslant, From mid-sea's prairies green and rolling plains 185Drives in his wallowing herds of billows gaunt, And the roused Charles remembers in his veins Old Ocean's blood and snaps his gyves of frost, That tyrannous silence on the shores is tost In dreary wreck, and crumbling desolation reigns. </div> <div class="stanza"> 190Edgewise or flat, in Druid-like device, With leaden pools between or gullies bare, The blocks lie strewn, a bleak Stonehenge of ice; No life, no sound, to break the grim despair, Save sullen plunge, as through the sedges stiff 195Down crackles riverward some thaw-sapped cliff, Or when the close-wedged fields of ice crunch here and there. </div> <div class="stanza">[42] But let me turn from fancy-pictured scenes To that whose pastoral calm before me lies: Here nothing harsh or rugged intervenes; 200The early evening with her misty dyes Smooths off the ravelled edges of the nigh, Relieves the distant with her cooler sky, And tones the landscape down, and soothes the wearied eyes. </div> <div class="stanza"> There gleams my native village, dear to me, 205Though higher change's waves each day are seen, Whelming fields famed in boyhood's history, Sanding with houses the diminished green; There, in red brick, which softening time defies, 209Stand square and stiff the Muses' factories;— How with my life knit up is every well-known scene! </div> <div class="stanza"> Flow on, dear river! not alone you flow To outward sight, and through your marshes wind; Fed from the mystic springs of long-ago, Your twin flows silent through my world of mind; 215Grow dim, dear marshes, in the evening's gray! Before my inner sight ye stretch away, And will forever, though these fleshly eyes grow blind. </div> <div class="stanza"> Beyond the hillock's house-bespotted swell, Where Gothic chapels house the horse and chaise, 220Where quiet cits in Grecian temples dwell, Where Coptic tombs resound with prayer and praise, Where dust and mud the equal year divide, There gentle Allston lived, and wrought, and died,[11] Transfiguring street and shop with his illumined gaze. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[11] In Cambridge Thirty Years Ago, which treats in prose of much the same period as this poem reproduces, Mr. Lowell has given more in detail his recollections of Washington Allston, the painter. The whole paper may be read as a prose counterpart to this poem. It is published in Fireside Travels. </div> [43] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> 225Virgilium vidi tantum,—I have seen[12] But as a boy, who looks alike on all, That misty hair, that fine Undine-like mien,[13] Tremulous as down to feeling's faintest call;— Ah, dear old homestead! count it to thy fame 230That thither many times the Painter came;— One elm yet bears his name, a feathery tree and tall. </div> <div class="stanza"> Swiftly the present fades in memory's glow,— Our only sure possession is the past; The village blacksmith died a month ago,[14] 235And dim to me the forge's roaring blast; Soon fire-new mediævals we shall see Oust the black smithy from its chestnut-tree, And that hewn down, perhaps, the bee-hive green and vast. </div> <div class="stanza"> How many times, prouder than king on throne, 240Loosed from the village school-dame's A's and B's, Panting have I the creaky bellows blown, And watched the pent volcano's red increase, Then paused to see the ponderous sledge, brought down 224By that hard arm voluminous and brown, From the white iron swarm its golden vanishing bees. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[12] Virgilium vidi tantum, I barely saw Virgil, a Latin phrase applied to one who has merely had a glimpse of a great man. [13] Undine is the heroine of a romantic tale by Baron De la Motte Fouqué. She is represented as a water-nymph who wins a human soul only by a union with mortality which brings pain and sorrow. [14] The village blacksmith of Longfellow's well-known poem. The prophecy came true as regards the hewing-down of the chestnut-tree which was cut down in 1876. </div> [44] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Dear native town! whose choking elms each year With eddying dust before their time turn gray, Pining for rain,—to me thy dust is dear; It glorifies the eve of summer day, 250And when the westering sun half sunken burns, The mote-thick air to deepest orange turns, The westward horseman rides through clouds of gold away, </div> <div class="stanza"> So palpable, I've seen those unshorn few, The six old willows at the causey's end 255(Such trees Paul Potter never dreamed nor drew), Through this dry mist their checkering shadows send, Striped, here and there, with many a long-drawn thread, Where streamed through leafy chinks the trembling red, Past which, in one bright trail, the hangbird's flashes blend. </div> <div class="stanza"> 260Yes, dearer for thy dust than all that e'er, Beneath the awarded crown of victory, Gilded the blown Olympic charioteer; Though lightly prized the ribboned parchments three, Yet collegisse juvat, I am glad[15] 265That here what colleging was mine I had,— It linked another tie, dear native town, with thee! </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[15] Collegisse juvat. Horace in his first ode says, Curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat; that is: It's a pleasure to have collected the dust of Olympus on your carriage-wheels. Mr. Lowell, helping himself to the words, says, "It's a pleasure to have been at college;" for college in its first meaning is a collection of men, as in the phrase "The college of cardinals." </div> [45] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Nearer art thou than simply native earth, My dust with thine concedes a deeper tie; A closer claim thy soil may well put forth, 270Something of kindred more than sympathy; For in thy bounds I reverently laid away That blinding anguish of forsaken clay, That title I seemed to have in earth and sea and sky, </div> <div class="stanza"> That portion of my life more choice to me 275(Though brief, yet in itself so round and whole)[16] Than all the imperfect residue can be;— The Artist saw his statue of the soul Was perfect; so, with one regretful stroke, 279The earthen model into fragments broke, And without her the impoverished seasons roll. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>THE FIRST SNOW-FALL.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> The snow had begun in the gloaming, And busily all the night Had been heaping field and highway With a silence deep and white. </div> <div class="stanza"> 5Every pine and fir and hemlock Wore ermine too dear for an earl, And the poorest twig on the elm-tree Was ridged inch-deep with pearl. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[16] The volume containing this poem was reverently dedicated "To the ever fresh and happy memory of our little Blanche." </div> [46] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> From sheds new-roofed with Carrara[17] 10Came Chanticleer's muffled crow, The stiff rails were softened to swan's-down, And still fluttered down the snow. </div> <div class="stanza"> I stood and watched by the window The noiseless work of the sky, 15And the sudden flurries of snow-birds, Like brown leaves whirling by. </div> <div class="stanza"> I thought of a mound in sweet Auburn Where a little headstone stood; How the flakes were folding it gently, 20As did robins the babes in the wood. </div> <div class="stanza"> Up spoke our own little Mabel, Saying, "Father, who makes it snow?" And I told of the good All-father Who cares for us here below. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25Again I looked at the snow-fall, And thought of the leaden sky That arched o'er our first great sorrow, When that mound was heaped so high. </div> <div class="stanza"> I remembered the gradual patience 30That fell from that cloud like snow, Flake by flake, healing and hiding The scar of our deep-plunged woe. </div> <div class="stanza"> And again to the child I whispered, "The snow that husheth all, 35Darling, the merciful Father Alone can make it fall!" </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[17] The marble of Carrara, Italy, is noted for its purity. </div> [47] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Then, with eyes that saw not, I kissed her; And she, kissing back, could not know That my kiss was given to her sister, 40Folded close under deepening snow. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>THE OAK.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> What gnarlèd stretch, what depth of shade, is his! There needs no crown to mark the forest's king; How in his leaves outshines full summer's bliss! Sun, storm, rain, dew, to him their tribute bring, 5Which he with such benignant royalty Accepts, as overpayeth what is lent; All nature seems his vassal proud to be, And cunning only for his ornament. </div> <div class="stanza"> How towers he, too, amid the billowed snows, 10An unquelled exile from the summer's throne, Whose plain, uncinctured front more kingly shows, Now that the obscuring courtier leaves are flown. His boughs make music of the winter air, Jewelled with sleet, like some cathedral front 15Where clinging snow-flakes with quaint art repair The dints and furrows of time's envious brunt. </div> <div class="stanza"> How doth his patient strength the rude March wind Persuade to seem glad breaths of summer breeze, And win the soil that fain would be unkind, 20To swell his revenues with proud increase! He is the gem; and all the landscape wide [48] (So doth his grandeur isolate the sense) Seems but the setting, worthless all beside, An empty socket, were he fallen thence. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25So, from oft converse with life's wintry gales, Should man learn how to clasp with tougher roots The inspiring earth; how otherwise avails The leaf-creating sap that sunward shoots? So every year that falls with noiseless flake 30Should fill old scars up on the stormward side, And make hoar age revered for age's sake, Not for traditions of youth's leafy pride. </div> <div class="stanza"> So, from the pinched soil of a churlish fate, True hearts compel the sap of sturdier growth, 35So between earth and heaven stand simply great, That these shall seem but their attendants both; For nature's forces with obedient zeal Wait on the rooted faith and oaken will; As quickly the pretender's cheat they feel, 40And turn mad Pucks to flout and mock him still.[18] </div> <div class="stanza"> Lord! all Thy works are lessons; each contains Some emblem of man's all-containing soul; Shall he make fruitless all Thy glorious pains, Delving within Thy grace an eyeless mole? 45Make me the least of thy Dodona-grove,[19] Cause me some message of thy truth to bring, Speak but a word to me, nor let thy love Among my boughs disdain to perch and sing. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[18] See Shakspeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. [19] A grove of oaks at Dodona, in ancient Greece, was the seat of a famous oracle. </div> [49] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>PROMETHEUS.</h2> [The classic legend of Prometheus underwent various changes in successive periods of Greek thought. In its main outline the story is the same: that Prometheus, whose name signifies Forethought, stole fire from Zeus, or Jupiter, or Jove, and gave it as a gift to man. For this, the angry god bound him upon Mount Caucasus, and decreed that a vulture should prey upon his liver, destroying every day what was renewed in the night. The struggle of man's thought to free itself from the tyranny of fear and superstition and all monsters of the imagination is illustrated in the myth. The myth is one which has been a favorite with modern poets, as witness Goethe, Shelley, Mrs. Browning, and Longfellow.] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> One after one the stars have risen and set, Sparkling upon the hoarfrost on my chain: The Bear, that prowled all night about the fold Of the North-Star, hath shrunk into his den, 5Scared by the blithesome footsteps of the Dawn, Whose blushing smile floods all the Orient; And now bright Lucifer grows less and less, Into the heaven's blue quiet deep-withdrawn. Sunless and starless all, the desert sky 10Arches above me, empty as this heart For ages hath been empty of all joy, Except to brood upon its silent hope, As o'er its hope of day the sky doth now. All night have I heard voices: deeper yet 15The deep low breathing of the silence grew. While all about, muffled in awe, there stood [50] Shadows, or forms, or both, clear-felt at heart, But, when I turned to front them, far along Only a shudder through the midnight ran, 20And the dense stillness walled me closer round. But still I heard them wander up and down That solitude, and flappings of dusk wings Did mingle with them, whether of those hags Let slip upon me once from Hades deep, 25Or of yet direr torments, if such be, I could but guess; and then toward me came A shape as of a woman: very pale It was, and calm; its cold eyes did not move, And mine moved not, but only stared on them. 30Their fixéd awe went through my brain like ice; A skeleton hand seemed clutching at my heart, And a sharp chill, as if a dank night fog Suddenly closed me in, was all I felt: And then, methought, I heard a freezing sigh, 35A long, deep, shivering sigh, as from blue lips Stiffening in death, close to mine ear. I thought Some doom was close upon me, and I looked And saw the red moon through the heavy mist, Just setting, and it seemed as it were falling, 40Or reeling to its fall, so dim and dead And palsy-struck it looked. Then all sounds merged Into the rising surges of the pines, Which, leagues below me, clothing the gaunt loins Of ancient Caucasus with hairy strength, 45Sent up a murmur in the morning wind, Sad as the wail that from the populous earth All day and night to high Olympus soars, Fit incense to thy wicked throne, O Jove! </div> <div class="stanza"> [51]Thy hated name is tossed once more in scorn 50From off my lips, for I will tell thy doom. And are these tears? Nay, do not triumph, Jove! They are wrung from me but by the agonies Of prophecy, like those sparse drops which fall From clouds in travail of the lightning, when 55The great wave of the storm high-curled and black Rolls steadily onward to its thunderous break. Why art thou made a god of, thou poor type Of anger, and revenge, and cunning force? True Power was never born of brutish strength, 60Nor sweet Truth suckled at the shaggy dugs Of that old she-wolf. Are thy thunder-bolts, That quell the darkness for a space, so strong As the prevailing patience of meek Light, Who, with the invincible tenderness of peace, 65Wins it to be a portion of herself? Why art thou made a god of, thou, who hast The never-sleeping terror at thy heart, That birthright of all tyrants, worse to bear Than this thy ravening bird on which I smile? 70Thou swear'st to free me, if I will unfold What kind of doom it is whose omen flits Across thy heart, as o'er a troop of doves The fearful shadow of the kite. What need To know that truth whose knowledge cannot save? 75Evil its errand hath, as well as Good; When thine is finished, thou art known no more: There is a higher purity than thou, And higher purity is greater strength; Thy nature is thy doom, at which thy heart 80Trembles behind the thick wall of thy might. Let man but hope, and thou art straightway chilled [52]With thought of that drear silence and deep night Which, like a dream, shall swallow thee and thine: Let man but will, and thou art god no more, 85More capable of ruin than the gold And ivory that image thee on earth. He who hurled down the monstrous Titan-brood[20] Blinded with lightnings, with rough thunders stunned, Is weaker than a simple human thought. 90My slender voice can shake thee, as the breeze, That seems but apt to stir a maiden's hair, Sways huge Oceanus from pole to pole; For I am still Prometheus, and foreknow In my wise heart the end and doom of all. </div> <div class="stanza"> 95Yes, I am still Prometheus, wiser grown By years of solitude,—that holds apart The past and future, giving the soul room To search into itself,—and long commune With this eternal silence;—more a god, 100In my long-suffering and strength to meet With equal front the direst shafts of fate, Than thou in thy faint-hearted despotism, Girt with thy baby-toys of force and wrath. Yes, I am that Prometheus who brought down 105The light to man, which thou, in selfish fear, Hadst to thyself usurped,—his by sole right, For Man hath right to all save Tyranny,— And which shall free him yet from thy frail throne. Tyrants are but the spawn of Ignorance, 110Begotten by the slaves they trample on, Who, could they win a glimmer of the light, And see that Tyranny is always weakness, Or Fear with its own bosom ill at ease, Would laugh away in scorn the sand-wove chain 115Which their own blindness feigned for adamant. Wrong ever builds on quicksands, but the Right To the firm centre lays its moveless base. The tyrant trembles, if the air but stirs The innocent ringlets of a child's free hair, 120And crouches, when the thought of some great spirit, With world-wide murmur, like a rising gale, Over men's hearts, as over standing corn, Rushes, and bends them to its own strong will. So shall some thought of mine yet circle earth, 125And puff away thy crumbling altars, Jove! </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[20] That is, Jove himself. </div> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza">[53] And, wouldst thou know of my supreme revenge, Poor tyrant, even now dethroned in heart, Realmless in soul, as tyrants ever are, Listen! and tell me if this bitter peak, 130This never-glutted vulture, and these chains Shrink not before it; for it shall befit A sorrow-taught, unconquered Titan-heart. Men, when their death is on them, seem to stand On a precipitous crag that overhangs 135The abyss of doom, and in that depth to see, As in a glass, the features dim and vast Of things to come, the shadows, as it seems, Of what had been. Death ever fronts the wise; Not fearfully, but with clear promises 140Of larger life, on whose broad vans upborne, Their outlook widens, and they see beyond The horizon of the present and the past, Even to the very source and end of things. Such am I now: immortal woe hath made 145My heart a seer, and my soul a judge [54] Between the substance and the shadow of Truth. The sure supremeness of the Beautiful, By all the martyrdoms made doubly sure Of such as I am, this is my revenge, 150Which of my wrongs builds a triumphal arch, Through which I see a sceptre and a throne. The pipings of glad shepherds on the hills, Tending the flocks no more to bleed for thee,— The songs of maidens pressing with white feet 155The vintage on thine altars poured no more,— The murmurous bliss of lovers, underneath Dim grapevine bowers, whose rosy bunches press Not half so closely their warm cheeks, unpaled By thoughts of thy brute lust,—the hive-like hum 160Of peaceful commonwealths, where sunburnt Toil Reaps for itself the rich earth made its own By its own labor, lightened with glad hymns To an omnipotence which thy mad bolts Would cope with as a spark with the vast sea,— 165Even the spirit of free love and peace, Duty's sure recompense through life and death,— These are such harvests as all master-spirits Reap, haply not on earth, but reap no less Because the sheaves are bound by hands not theirs; 170These are the bloodless daggers wherewithal They stab fallen tyrants, this their high revenge: For their best part of life on earth is when, Long after death, prisoned and pent no more, Their thoughts, their wild dreams even, have become 175Part of the necessary air men breathe: When, like the moon, herself behind a cloud, They shed down light before us on life's sea, That cheers us to steer onward still in hope. [55] Earth with her twining memories ivies o'er 180Their holy sepulchres; the chainless sea, In tempest or wide calm, repeats their thoughts; The lightning and the thunder, all free things, Have legends of them for the ears of men. All other glories are as falling stars, 185But universal Nature watches theirs: Such strength is won by love of human-kind. </div> <div class="stanza"> Not that I feel that hunger after fame, Which souls of a half-greatness are beset with; But that the memory of noble deeds 190Cries shame upon the idle and the vile, And keeps the heart of Man forever up To the heroic level of old time. To be forgot at first is little pain To a heart conscious of such high intent 195As must be deathless on the lips of men; But, having been a name, to sink and be A something which the world can do without, Which, having been or not, would never change The lightest pulse of fate,—this is indeed 200A cup of bitterness the worst to taste, And this thy heart shall empty to the dregs. Endless despair shall be thy Caucasus, And memory thy vulture; thou wilt find Oblivion far lonelier than this peak,— 205Behold thy destiny! Thou think'st it much That I should brave thee, miserable god! But I have braved a mightier than thou. Even the tempting of this soaring heart, Which might have made me, scarcely less than thou, 210A god among my brethren weak and blind,— [56] Scarce less than thou, a pitiable thing To be down-trodden into darkness soon. But now I am above thee, for thou art The bungling workmanship of fear, the block 215That awes the swart Barbarian; but I Am what myself have made,—a nature wise With finding in itself the types of all,— With watching from the dim verge of the time What things to be are visible in the gleams 220Thrown forward on them from the luminous past,— Wise with the history of its own frail heart, With reverence and with sorrow, and with love, Broad as the world, for freedom and for man. </div> <div class="stanza"> Thou and all strength shall crumble, except Love, 225By whom, and for whose glory, ye shall cease: And, when thou art but a dim moaning heard From out the pitiless gloom of Chaos, I Shall be a power and a memory, A name to fright all tyrants with, a light 230Unsetting as the pole-star, a great voice Heard in the breathless pauses of the fight By truth and freedom ever waged with wrong, Clear as a silver trumpet, to awake Huge echoes that from age to age live on 235In kindred spirits, giving them a sense Of boundless power from boundless suffering wrung: And many a glazing eye shall smile to see The memory of my triumph (for to meet Wrong with endurance, and to overcome 240The present with a heart that looks beyond, Are triumph), like a prophet eagle, perch [57]Upon the sacred banner of the Right. Evil springs up, and flowers, and bears no seed, And feeds the green earth with its swift decay, 245Leaving it richer for the growth of truth; But Good, once put in action or in thought, Like a strong oak, doth from its boughs shed down The ripe germs of a forest. Thou, weak god, Shalt fade and be forgotten! but this soul, 250Fresh-living still in the serene abyss, In every heaving shall partake, that grows From heart to heart among the sons of men,— As the ominous hum before the earthquake runs Far through the Ægean from roused isle to isle,— 255Foreboding wreck to palaces and shrines, And mighty rents in many a cavernous error That darkens the free light to man:—This heart, Unscarred by thy grim vulture, as the truth Grows but more lovely 'neath the beaks and claws 260Of Harpies blind that fain would soil it, shall In all the throbbing exultations share That wait on freedom's triumphs, and in all The glorious agonies of martyr-spirits,— Sharp lightning-throes to split the jagged clouds 265That veil the future, showing them the end,— Pain's thorny crown for constancy and truth, Girding the temples like a wreath of stars. This is a thought, that, like the fabled laurel, Makes my faith thunder-proof; and thy dread bolts 270Fall on me like the silent flakes of snow On the hoar brows of aged Caucasus: But, O thought far more blissful, they can rend This cloud of flesh, and make my soul a star! </div> <div class="stanza"> [58]Unleash thy crouching thunders now, O Jove! 275Free this high heart, which, a poor captive long, Doth knock to be let forth, this heart which still, In its invincible manhood, overtops Thy puny godship, as this mountain doth The pines that moss its roots. Oh, even now, 280While from my peak of suffering I look down, Beholding with a far-spread gush of hope The sunrise of that Beauty, in whose face, Shone all around with love, no man shall look But straightway like a god he is uplift 285Unto the throne long empty for his sake, And clearly oft foreshadowed in wide dreams By his free inward nature, which nor thou, Nor any anarch after thee, can bind From working its great doom,—now, now set free 290This essence, not to die, but to become Part of that awful Presence which doth haunt The palaces of tyrants, to hunt off, With its grim eyes and fearful whisperings And hideous sense of utter loneliness, 295All hope of safety, all desire of peace, All but the loathed forefeeling of blank death,— Part of that spirit which doth ever brood In patient calm on the unpilfered nest Of man's deep heart, till mighty thoughts grow fledged 300To sail with darkening shadow o'er the world, Filling with dread such souls as dare not trust In the unfailing energy of Good, Until they swoop, and their pale quarry make Of some o'erbloated wrong,—that spirit which 305Scatters great hopes in the seed-field of man, Like acorns among grain, to grow and be [59]A roof for freedom in all coming time! But no, this cannot be; for ages yet, In solitude unbroken, shall I hear 310The angry Caspian to the Euxine shout, And Euxine answer with a muffled roar, On either side storming the giant walls Of Caucasus with leagues of climbing foam (Less, from my height, than flakes of downy snow), 315That draw back baffled but to hurl again, Snatched up in wrath and horrible turmoil, Mountain on mountain, as the Titans erst, My brethren, scaling the high seat of Jove, Heaved Pelion upon Ossa's shoulders broad 320In vain emprise. The moon will come and go With her monotonous vicissitude; Once beautiful, when I was free to walk Among my fellows, and to interchange The influence benign of loving eyes, 325But now by aged use grown wearisome;— False thought! most false! for how could I endure These crawling centuries of lonely woe Unshamed by weak complaining, but for thee, Loneliest, save me, of all created things, 330Mild-eyed Astarte, my best comforter,[21] With thy pale smile of sad benignity? </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[21] Daughter of Heaven and Earth, and symbol of Nature. </div> [60] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Year after year will pass away and seem To me, in mine eternal agony, But as the shadows of dumb summer clouds, 335Which I have watched so often darkening o'er The vast Sarmatian plain, league-wide at first, But, with still swiftness, lessening on and on Till cloud and shadow meet and mingle where The gray horizon fades into the sky, 340Far, far to northward. Yes, for ages yet Must I lie here upon my altar huge, A sacrifice for man. Sorrow will be, As it hath been, his portion; endless doom, While the immortal with the mortal linked 345Dreams of its wings and pines for what it dreams, With upward yearn unceasing. Better so: For wisdom is meek sorrow's patient child, And empire over self, and all the deep Strong charities that make men seem like gods; 350And love, that makes them be gods, from her breasts Sucks in the milk that makes mankind one blood. Good never comes unmixed, or so it seems, Having two faces, as some images Are carved, of foolish gods; one face is ill; 355But one heart lies beneath, and that is good, As are all hearts, when we explore their depths. Therefore, great heart, bear up! thou art but type Of what all lofty spirits endure, that fain Would win men back to strength and peace through love: 360Each hath his lonely peak, and on each heart Envy, or scorn, or hatred, tears lifelong With vulture beak; yet the high soul is left; And faith, which is but hope grown wise; and love And patience, which at last shall overcome. </div> </div> [61] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>TO W.L. GARRISON.</h2> <div class="blockquot">"Some time afterward, it was reported to me by the city officers that they had ferreted out the paper and its editor; that his office was an obscure hole, his only visible auxiliary a negro boy, and his supporters a few very insignificant persons of all colors."—Letter of H.G. Otis. </div> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> In a small chamber, friendless and unseen, Toiled o'er his types one poor, unlearned young man; The place was dark, unfurnitured, and mean;— Yet there the freedom of a race began. </div> <div class="stanza"> 5Help came but slowly; surely no man yet Put lever to the heavy world with less:[22] What need of help? He knew how types were set, He had a dauntless spirit, and a press. </div> <div class="stanza"> Such earnest natures are the fiery pith, 10The compact nucleus, round which systems grow! Mass after mass becomes inspired therewith, And whirls impregnate with the central glow, </div> <div class="stanza"> O Truth! O Freedom! how are ye still born In the rude stable, in the manger nursed! 15What humble hands unbar those gates of morn Through which the splendors of the New Day burst. </div> <div class="stanza"> What! shall one monk, scarce known beyond his cell, Front Rome's far-reaching bolts, and scorn her frown? Brave Luther answered Yes; that thunder's swell 20Rocked Europe, and discharmed the triple crown. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[22] Archimedes, a great philosopher of antiquity, used to say, "Only give me a place to stand on, and I will move the world with my lever." </div> [62] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Whatever can be known of earth we know, Sneered Europe's wise men, in their snail-shells curled; No! said one man in Genoa, and that No Out of the dark created this New World. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25Who is it will not dare himself to trust? Who is it hath not strength to stand alone? Who is it thwarts and bilks the inward must? He and his works, like sand, from earth are blown? </div> <div class="stanza"> Men of a thousand shifts and wiles, look here! 30See one straightforward conscience put in pawn To win a world; see the obedient sphere By bravery's simple gravitation drawn! </div> <div class="stanza"> Shall we not heed the lesson taught of old, And by the Present's lips repeated still, 35In our own single manhood to be bold, Fortressed in conscience and impregnable will? </div> <div class="stanza"> We stride the river daily at its spring, Nor, in our childish thoughtlessness, foresee, What myriad vassal streams shall tribute bring, 40How like an equal it shall greet the sea. </div> <div class="stanza"> O small beginnings, ye are great and strong, Based on a faithful heart and weariless brain! Ye build the future fair, ye conquer wrong, Ye earn the crown, and wear it not in vain. </div> </div> [63] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>WENDELL PHILLIPS.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> He stood upon the world's broad threshold; wide The din of battle and of slaughter rose; He saw God stand upon the weaker side, That sank in seeming loss before its foes: 5Many there were who made great haste and sold Unto the cunning enemy their swords, He scorned their gifts of fame, and power, and gold, And, underneath their soft and flowery words, Heard the cold serpent hiss; therefore he went 10And humbly joined him to the weaker part, Fanatic named, and fool, yet well content So he could be the nearer to God's heart, And feel its solemn pulses sending blood Through all the widespread veins of endless good. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>MR. HOSEA BIGLOW TO THE EDITOR OF THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY.</h2> [When the Mexican war was under discussion, Mr. Lowell began the publication in a Boston newspaper of satirical poems, written in the Yankee dialect, and purporting to come for the most part from one Hosea Biglow. The poems were the sharpest political darts that were fired at the time, and when the verses were collected and set forth, with a paraphernalia of introductions and notes professedly prepared by an old-fashioned, scholarly parson, Rev. Homer Wilbur, the book gave Mr. Lowell a distinct place as a wit and satirist, and was read with delight in England and America after the cir[64]cumstance which called it out had become a matter of history and no longer of politics. When the war for the Union broke out, Mr. Lowell took up the same strain and contributed to the Atlantic Monthly a second series of Biglow Papers, and just before the close of the war, published the poem that follows.] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Dear Sir,—Your letter come to han' Requestin' me to please be funny; But I ain't made upon a plan Thet knows wut's comin', gall or honey: 5Ther' 's times the world does look so queer, Odd fancies come afore I call 'em; An' then agin, for half a year, No preacher 'thout a call 's more solemn. </div> <div class="stanza"> You're 'n want o' sunthin' light an' cute, 10Rattlin' an' shrewd an' kin' o' jingleish, An' wish, pervidin' it 'ould suit, I'd take an' citify my English. I ken write long-tailed, ef I please,— But when I'm jokin', no, I thankee; 15Then, 'fore I know it, my idees Run helter-skelter into Yankee. </div> <div class="stanza"> Sence I begun to scribble rhyme, I tell ye wut, I hain't ben foolin'; The parson's books, life, death, an' time 20Hev took some trouble with my schoolin'; Nor th' airth don't git put out with me, Thet love her 'z though she wuz a woman; Why, th' ain't a bird upon the tree But half forgives my bein' human. </div> <div class="stanza"> [65] 25An' yit I love th' unhighschooled way Ol' farmers hed when I wuz younger; Their talk wuz meatier, an' 'ould stay, While book-froth seems to whet your hunger; For puttin' in a downright lick 30'Twixt Humbug's eyes, ther' 's few can metch it. An' then it helves my thoughts ez slick Ez stret-grained hickory doos a hetchet. </div> <div class="stanza"> But when I can't, I can't, thet's all, For Natur' won't put up with gullin'; 35Idees you hev to shove an' haul Like a druv pig ain't wuth a mullein: Live thoughts ain't sent for; thru all rifts O' sense they pour an' resh ye onwards, Like rivers when south-lyin' drifts 40Feel thet th' old airth's a-wheelin' sunwards. </div> <div class="stanza"> Time wuz, the rhymes come crowdin' thick Ez office-seekers arter 'lection, An' into ary place 'ould stick Without no bother nor objection; 45But sence the war my thoughts hang back Ez though I wanted to enlist 'em, An' subs'tutes—they don't never lack, But then they'll slope afore you've mist 'em. </div> <div class="stanza"> Nothin' don't seem like wut it wuz; 50I can't see wut there is to hender, An' yit my brains jes' go buzz, buzz, Like bumblebees agin a winder; 'Fore these times come, in all airth's row, Ther' wuz one quiet place, my head in, 55Where I could hide an' think,—but now [66] It's all one teeter, hopin', dreadin'. </div> <div class="stanza"> Where's Peace? I start, some clear-blown night, When gaunt stone walls grow numb an' number, An', creakin' 'cross the snow-crus' white, 60Walk the col' starlight into summer; Up grows the moon, an' swell by swell Thru the pale pasturs silvers dimmer Than the last smile thet strives to tell O' love gone heavenward in its shimmer. </div> <div class="stanza"> 65I hev ben gladder o' sech things, Than cocks o' spring or bees o' clover, They filled my heart with livin' springs, But now they seem to freeze 'em over; Sights innercent ez babes on knee, 70Peaceful ez eyes o' pastur'd cattle, Jes' coz they be so, seem to me To rile me more with thoughts o' battle. </div> <div class="stanza"> In-doors an' out by spells I try; Ma'am Natur' keeps her spin-wheel goin', 75But leaves my natur' stiff and dry Ez fiel's o' clover arter mowin'; An' her jes' keepin' on the same, Calmer 'n a clock, an' never carin', An' findin' nary thing to blame, 80Is wus than ef she took to swearin'. </div> <div class="stanza"> Snow-flakes come whisperin' on the pane, The charm makes blazin' logs so pleasant, But I can't hark to wut they're say'n', [67]With Grant or Sherman ollers present; 85The chimbleys shudder in the gale, Thet lulls, then suddin takes to flappin' Like a shot hawk, but all's ez stale To me ez so much sperit rappin'. </div> <div class="stanza"> Under the yaller-pines I house, 90When sunshine makes 'em all sweet-scented, An' hear among their furry boughs The baskin' west-wind purr contented, While 'way o'erhead, ez sweet an' low Ez distant bells thet ring for meetin', 95The wedged wil' geese their bugles blow, Further an' further South retreatin'. </div> <div class="stanza"> Or up the slippery knob I strain An' see a hundred hills like islan's Lift their blue woods in broken chain 100Out o' the sea o' snowy silence; The farm-smokes, sweetes' sight on airth, Slow thru the winter air a-shrinkin' Seem kin' o' sad, an' roun' the hearth Of empty places set me thinkin'. </div> <div class="stanza"> 105Beaver roars hoarse with meltin' snows,[23] An' rattles di'mon's from his granite; Time wuz, he snatched away my prose, An' into psalms or satires ran it; But he, nor all the rest thet once 110Started my blood to country-dances, Can't set me goin' more 'n a dunce Thet hain't no use for dreams an' fancies. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[23] Beaver Brook, a tributary of the Charles. </div> [68] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Rat-tat-tat-tattle thru the street I hear the drummers makin' riot, 115An' I set thinkin' o' the feet Thet follered once an' now are quiet,— White feet ez snowdrops innercent, Thet never knowed the paths o' Satan, Whose comin' step ther' 's ears thet won't, 120No, not lifelong, leave off awaitin'. </div> <div class="stanza"> Why, hain't I held 'em on my knee? Didn't I love to see 'em growin', Three likely lads ez wal could be, Hahnsome an' brave an' not tu knowin'? 125I set an' look into the blaze Whose natur', jes' like theirn, keeps climbin', Ez long 'z it lives, in shinin' ways, An' half despise myself for rhymin'. </div> <div class="stanza"> Wut's words to them whose faith an' truth 130On War's red techstone rang true metal, Who ventered life an' love an' youth For the gret prize o' death in battle? To him who, deadly hurt, agen Flashed on afore the charge's thunder, 135Tippin' with fire the bolt of men Thet rived the Rebel line asunder? </div> <div class="stanza"> 'T ain't right to hev the young go fust, All throbbin' full o' gifts an' graces, Leavin' life's paupers dry ez dust 140To try an' make b'lieve fill their places: Nothin' but tells us wut we miss, Ther' 's gaps our lives can't never fay in, An' thet world seems so fur from this [69] Lef' for us loafers to grow gray in! </div> <div class="stanza"> 145My eyes cloud up for rain; my mouth Will take to twitchin' roun' the corners; I pity mothers, tu, down South, For all they sot among the scorners: I'd sooner take my chance to stan' 150At Jedgment where your meanest slave is, Than at God's bar hol' up a han' Ez drippin' red ez yourn, Jeff Davis! </div> <div class="stanza"> Come, Peace! not like a mourner bowed For honor lost an' dear ones wasted, 155But proud, to meet a people proud, With eyes thet tell o' triumph tasted! Come, with han' grippin' on the hilt, An' step thet proves ye Victory's daughter! Longin' for you, our sperits wilt 160Like shipwrecked men's on raf's for water. </div> <div class="stanza"> Come, while our country feels the lift Of a gret instinct shoutin' forwards, An' knows thet freedom ain't a gift Thet tarries long in han's o' cowards! 165Come, sech ez mothers prayed for, when They kissed their cross with lips thet quivered, An' bring fair wages for brave men, A nation saved, a race delivered! </div> </div> [70] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>VILLA FRANCA.</h2> [The battles of Magenta and Solferino, in the early summer of 1859, had given promise of a complete emancipation of Italy from the Austrian supremacy, when Napoleon III., who was acting in alliance with Victor Emmanuel, king of Sardinia, held a meeting with the emperor Francis Joseph of Austria at Villa Franca, and agreed to terms which were very far from including the unification of Italy. There was a general distrust of Napoleon, and the war continued with the final result of a united Italy. In the poem which follows Mr. Lowell gives expression to his want of faith in the French emperor.] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Wait a little: do we not wait? Louis Napoleon is not Fate, Francis Joseph is not Time; There's One hath swifter feet than Crime; 5Cannon-parliaments settle naught; Venice is Austria's,—whose is Thought? Minié is good, but, spite of change, Gutenberg's gun has the longest range. Spin, spin, Clotho, spin![24] 10Lachesis, twist! and, Atropos, sever! In the shadow, year out, year in, The silent headsman waits forever. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[24] Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos were the three Fates of the ancient mythology; Clotho spun the thread of human destiny, Lachesis twisted it, and Atropos with shears severed it. </div> [71] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Wait, we say; our years are long; Men are weak, but Man is strong; 15Since the stars first curved their rings, We have looked on many things; Great wars come and great wars go, Wolf-tracks light on polar snow; We shall see him come and gone, 20This second-hand Napoleon. Spin, spin, Clotho, spin! Lachesis, twist! and, Atropos, sever! In the shadow, year out, year in, The silent headsman waits forever. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25We saw the elder Corsican, And Clotho muttered as she span, While crownèd lackeys bore the train, Of the pinchbeck Charlemagne: "Sister, stint not length of thread! 30Sister, stay the scissors dread! On Saint Helen's granite bleak, Hark, the vulture whets his beak!" Spin, spin, Clotho, spin! Lachesis, twist! and, Atropos, sever! 35In the shadow, year out, year in, The silent headsman waits forever. </div> <div class="stanza"> The Bonapartes, we know their bees That wade in honey red to the knees: Their patent reaper, its sheaves sleep sound 40In dreamless garners underground: We know false glory's spendthrift race Pawning nations for feathers and lace; It may be short, it may be long, "'Tis reckoning-day!" sneers unpaid Wrong. 45Spin, spin, Clotho, spin! [72] Lachesis, twist! and, Atropos, sever! In the shadow, year out, year in, The silent headsman waits forever. </div> <div class="stanza"> The Cock that wears the Eagle's skin 50Can promise what he ne'er could win; Slavery reaped for fine words sown, System for all, and rights for none, Despots atop, a wild clan below, Such is the Gaul from long ago; 55Wash the black from the Ethiop's face, Wash the past out of man or race! Spin, spin, Clotho, spin! Lachesis, twist! and, Atropos, sever! In the shadow, year out, year in, 60The silent headsman waits forever. </div> <div class="stanza"> 'Neath Gregory's throne a spider swings,[25] And snares the people for the kings; "Luther is dead; old quarrels pass; The stake's black scars are healed with grass;" 65So dreamers prate; did man e'er live Saw priest or woman yet forgive; But Luther's broom is left, and eyes Peep o'er their creeds to where it lies. Spin, spin, Clotho, spin! 70Lachesis, twist! and, Atropos, sever! In the shadow, year out, year in, The silent headsman waits forever. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[25] There was more than one Pope Gregory, but Gregory VII in the eleventh century brought the papacy to its supreme power, when kings humbled themselves before the Pope. </div> [73] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Smooth sails the ship of either realm, Kaiser and Jesuit at the helm; 75We look down the depths, and mark Silent workers in the dark Building slow the sharp-tusked reefs, Old instincts hardening to new beliefs; Patience a little; learn to wait; 80Hours are long on the clock of Fate. Spin, spin, Clotho, spin! Lachesis, twist! and, Atropos, sever! Darkness is strong, and so is Sin, But only God endures forever! </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>THE NIGHTINGALE IN THE STUDY.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> "Come forth!" my catbird calls to me, "And hear me sing a cavatina That, in this old familiar tree, Shall hang a garden of Alcina. </div> <div class="stanza"> 5"These buttercups shall brim with wine Beyond all Lesbian juice or Massic; May not New England be divine? My ode to ripening summer classic? </div> <div class="stanza"> "Or, if to me you will not hark, 10By Beaver Brook a thrush is ringing Till all the alder-coverts dark Seem sunshine-dappled with his singing. </div> <div class="stanza"> "Come out beneath the unmastered sky, With its emancipating spaces, 15And learn to sing as well as I, [74] Without premeditated graces. </div> <div class="stanza"> "What boot your many-volumed gains, Those withered leaves forever turning, To win, at best, for all your pains, 20A nature mummy-wrapt in learning? </div> <div class="stanza"> "The leaves wherein true wisdom lies On living trees the sun are drinking; Those white clouds, drowsing through the skies, Grew not so beautiful by thinking. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25"Come out! with me the oriole cries, Escape the demon that pursues you! And, hark, the cuckoo weatherwise, Still hiding, farther onward wooes you." </div> <div class="stanza"> "Alas, dear friend, that, all my days, 30Has poured from thy syringa thicket The quaintly discontinuous lays To which I hold a season-ticket,— </div> <div class="stanza"> "A season-ticket cheaply bought With a dessert of pilfered berries, 35And who so oft my soul has caught With morn and evening voluntaries,— </div> <div class="stanza"> "Deem me not faithless, if all day Among my dusty books I linger, No pipe, like thee, for June to play 40With fancy-led, half-conscious finger. </div> <div class="stanza"> [75] "A bird is singing in my brain And bubbling o'er with mingled fancies, Gay, tragic, rapt, right heart of Spain Fed with the sap of old romances. </div> <div class="stanza"> 45"I ask no ampler skies than those His magic music rears above me, No falser friends, no truer foes,— And does not Doña Clara love me? </div> <div class="stanza"> "Cloaked shapes, a twanging of guitars, 50A rush of feet, and rapiers clashing, Then silence deep with breathless stars, And overhead a white hand flashing. </div> <div class="stanza"> "O music of all moods and climes, Vengeful, forgiving, sensuous, saintly, 55Where still, between the Christian chimes, The moorish cymbal tinkles faintly! </div> <div class="stanza"> "O life borne lightly in the hand, For friend or foe with grace Castilian! O valley safe in Fancy's land, 60Not tramped to mud yet by the million! </div> <div class="stanza"> "Bird of to-day, thy songs are stale To his, my singer of all weathers, My Calderon, my nightingale, My Arab soul in Spanish feathers. </div> <div class="stanza"> 65"Ah, friend, these singers dead so long, And still, God knows, in purgatory, Give its best sweetness to all song, To Nature's self her better glory." </div> </div> [76] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>ALADDIN.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> When I was a beggarly boy, And lived in a cellar damp, I had not a friend nor a toy, But I had Aladdin's lamp; 5When I could not sleep for cold, I had fire enough in my brain, And builded with roofs of gold My beautiful castles in Spain! </div> <div class="stanza"> Since then I have toiled day and night, 10I have money and power good store, But, I'd give all my lamps of silver bright For the one that is mine no more; Take, Fortune, whatever you choose, You gave, and may snatch again; 15I have nothing 't would pain me to lose, For I own no more castles in Spain! </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>BEAVER BROOK.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Hushed with broad sunlight lies the hill, And, minuting the long day's loss, The cedar's shadow, slow and still, Creeps o'er its dial of gray moss. </div> <div class="stanza"> 5Warm noon brims full the valley's cup, The aspen's leaves are scarce astir; Only the little mill sends up Its busy, never-ceasing burr. </div> <div class="stanza"> [77] Climbing the loose-piled wall that hems 10The road along the mill-pond's brink, From 'neath the arching barberry-stems, My footstep scares the shy chewink. </div> <div class="stanza"> Beneath a bony buttonwood The mill's red door lets forth the din; 15The whitened miller, dust-imbued, Flits past the square of dark within. </div> <div class="stanza"> No mountain torrent's strength is here; Sweet Beaver, child of forest still,[26] Heaps its small pitcher to the ear, 20And gently waits the miller's will. </div> <div class="stanza"> Swift slips Undine along the race Unheard, and then, with flashing bound, Floods the dull wheel with light and grace, And, laughing, hunts the loath drudge round. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25The miller dreams not at what cost The quivering millstones hum and whirl, Nor how for every turn are tost Armfuls of diamond and of pearl. </div> <div class="stanza"> But Summer cleared my happier eyes 30With drops of some celestial juice, To see how Beauty underlies, Forevermore each form of use. </div> <div class="stanza"> And more; methought I saw that flood, Which now so dull and darkling steals, 35Thick, here and there, with human blood, To turn the world's laborious wheels. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[26] Beaver Brook was within walking distance of the poet's home. See The Nightingale in the Study. </div> [78] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> No more than doth the miller there, Shut in our several cells, do we Know with what waste of beauty rare 40Moves every day's machinery. </div> <div class="stanza"> Surely the wiser time shall come When this fine overplus of might, No longer sullen, slow, and dumb, Shall leap to music and to light. </div> <div class="stanza"> 45In that new childhood of the Earth Life of itself shall dance and play, Fresh blood in Time's shrunk veins make mirth, And labor meet delight half way. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>THE SHEPHERD OF KING ADMETUS.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> There came a youth upon the earth, Some thousand years ago, Whose slender hands were nothing worth, Whether to plough, or reap, or sow. </div> <div class="stanza"> 5Upon an empty tortoise-shell He stretched some chords, and drew Music that made men's bosoms swell Fearless, or brimmed their eyes with dew. </div> <div class="stanza"> Then King Admetus, one who had 10Pure taste by right divine, Decreed his singing not too bad [79] To hear between the cups of wine: </div> <div class="stanza"> And so, well pleased with being soothed Into a sweet half-sleep, 15Three times his kingly beard he smoothed, And made him viceroy o'er his sheep. </div> <div class="stanza"> His words were simple words enough, And yet he used them so, That what in other mouths was rough 20In his seemed musical and low. </div> <div class="stanza"> Men called him but a shiftless youth, In whom no good they saw; And yet, unwittingly, in truth, They made his careless words their law. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25They knew not how he learned at all, For idly, hour by hour, He sat and watched the dead leaves fall, Or mused upon a common flower. </div> <div class="stanza"> It seemed the loveliness of things 30Did teach him all their use, For, in mere weeds, and stones, and springs, He found a healing power profuse. </div> <div class="stanza"> Men granted that his speech was wise, But, when a glance they caught 35Of his slim grace and woman's eyes, They laughed, and called him good-for-naught. </div> <div class="stanza">[80] Yet after he was dead and gone, And e'en his memory dim, Earth seemed more sweet to live upon, 40More full of love, because of him. </div> <div class="stanza"> And day by day more holy grew Each spot where he had trod, Till after-poets only knew Their first-born brother as a god. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>THE PRESENT CRISIS.</h2> [In the year 1844, which is the date of the following poem, the question of the annexation of Texas was pending, and it was made an issue of the presidential campaign then taking place. The anti-slavery party feared and opposed annexation, on account of the added strength which it would give to slavery, and the South desired it for the same reason.] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> When a deed is done for Freedom, through the broad earth's aching breast Runs a thrill of joy prophetic, trembling on from east to west, And the slave, where'er he cowers, feels the soul within him climb To the awful verge of manhood, as the energy sublime 5Of a century bursts full-blossomed on the thorny stem of Time. </div> <div class="stanza"> [81] Through the walls of hut and palace shoots the instantaneous throe, When the travail of the Ages wrings earth's systems to and fro; At the birth of each new Era, with a recognizing start, Nation wildly looks at nation, standing with mute lips apart, 10And glad Truth's yet mightier man-child leaps beneath the Future's heart. </div> <div class="stanza"> So the Evil's triumph sendeth, with a terror and a chill, Under continent to continent, the sense of coming ill, And the slave, where'er he cowers, feels his sympathies with God In hot tear-drops ebbing earthward, to be drunk up by the sod, 15Till a corpse crawls round unburied, delving in the nobler clod. </div> <div class="stanza"> For mankind are one in spirit, and an instinct bears along, Round the earth's electric circle, the swift flash of right or wrong;[27] Whether conscious or unconscious, yet Humanity's vast frame Through its ocean-sundered fibres feels the gush of joy or shame;— 20In the gain or loss of one race all the rest have equal claim. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[27] This figure has special force from the fact that Morse's telegraph was first put in operation a few months before the writing of this poem. </div> [82] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Once to every man and nation comes the moment to decide, In the strife of Truth with Falsehood, for the good or evil side; Some great cause, God's new Messiah, offering each the bloom or blight, Parts the goats upon the left hand, and the sheep upon the right, 25And the choice goes by forever 'twixt that darkness and that light. </div> <div class="stanza"> Hast thou chosen, O my people, on whose party thou shall stand, Ere the Doom from its worn sandals shakes the dust against our land? Though the cause of Evil prosper, yet 'tis Truth alone is strong, And, albeit she wander outcast now, I see around her throng[28] 30Troops of beautiful, tall angels, to enshield her from all wrong. </div> <div class="stanza"> Backward look across the ages and the beacon-moments see, That, like peaks of some sunk continent, jut through Oblivion's sea; Not an ear in court or market for the low foreboding cry Of those Crises, God's stern winnowers, from whose feet earth's chaff must fly; 35Never shows the choice momentous till the judgment hath passed by. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[28] Compare:— <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> "Truth crushed to earth shall rise again, The eternal years of God are hers." </div> </div> Bryant.</div> [83] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Careless seems the great Avenger; history's pages but record One death-grapple in the darkness 'twixt old systems and the Word;[29] Truth forever on the scaffold, Wrong forever on the throne,— Yet that scaffold sways the future, and, behind the dim unknown, 40Standeth God within the shadow, keeping watch above his own. </div> <div class="stanza"> We see dimly in the Present what is small and what is great, Slow of faith how weak an arm may turn the iron helm of fate, But the soul is still oracular; amid the market's din, List the ominous stern whisper from the Delphic cave within,— 45"They enslave their children's children who make compromise with sin." </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[29] "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." </div> [84] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Slavery, the earth-born Cyclops, fellest of the giant brood, Sons of brutish Force and Darkness, who have drenched the earth with blood, Famished in his self-made desert, blinded by our purer day, Gropes in yet unblasted regions for his miserable prey;— 50Shall we guide his gory fingers where our helpless children play?[30] </div> <div class="stanza"> Then to side with Truth is noble when we share her wretched crust, Ere her cause bring fame and profit, and 'tis prosperous to be just; Then it is the brave man chooses, while the coward stands aside, Doubting in his abject spirit, till his Lord is crucified, 55And the multitude make virtue of the faith they had denied. </div> <div class="stanza"> Count me o'er earth's chosen heroes,—they were souls that stood alone, While the men they agonized for hurled the contumelious stone, Stood serene, and down the future saw the golden beam incline To the side of perfect justice, mastered by their faith divine, 60By one man's plain truth to manhood and to God's supreme design. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[30] For the full story of Cyclops, which runs in suggestive phrase through these five lines, see the ninth book of the Odyssey. The translation by G.H. Palmer will be found especially satisfactory. </div> [85] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> By the light of burning heretics Christ's bleeding feet I track, Toiling up new Calvaries ever with the cross that turns not back, And these mounts of anguish number how each generation learned One new word of that grand Credo which in prophet-hearts hath burned[31] 65Since the first man stood God-conquered with his face to heaven upturned. </div> <div class="stanza"> For Humanity sweeps onward: where to-day the martyr stands, On the morrow crouches Judas with the silver in his hands; Far in front the cross stands ready and the crackling fagots burn, While the hooting mob of yesterday in silent awe return 70To glean up the scattered ashes into History's golden urn. </div> <div class="stanza"> 'Tis as easy to be heroes as to sit the idle slaves Of a legendary virtue carved upon our fathers' graves, Worshippers of light ancestral make the present light a crime;— Was the Mayflower launched by cowards, steered by men behind their time? 75Turn those tracks toward Past or Future, that make Plymouth Rock sublime? </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[31] The creed is so named from the first word in the Latin form, credo, I believe. </div> [86] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> They were men of present valor, stalwart old iconoclasts, Unconvinced by axe or gibbet that all virtue was the Past's; But we make their truth our falsehood, thinking that hath made us free, Hoarding it in mouldy parchments, while our tender spirits flee 80The rude grasp of that great Impulse which drove them across the sea. </div> <div class="stanza"> They have rights who dare maintain them; we are traitors to our sires, Smothering in their holy ashes Freedom's new-lit altar-fires; Shall we make their creed our jailer? Shall we, in our haste to slay, From the tombs of the old prophets steal the funeral lamps away 85To light up the martyr-fagots round the prophets of to-day? </div> <div class="stanza"> New occasions teach new duties; Time makes ancient good uncouth; They must upward still, and onward, who would keep abreast of Truth; Lo, before us gleam her camp-fires! we ourselves must Pilgrims be. Launch our Mayflower, and steer boldly through the desperate winter sea, 90Nor attempt the Future's portal with the Past's blood-rusted key. </div> </div> [87] <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>AL FRESCO.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> The dandelions and buttercups Gild all the lawn; the drowsy bee Stumbles among the clover-tops, And summer sweetens all but me: 5Away, unfruitful lore of books, For whose vain idiom we reject The soul's more native dialect, Aliens among the birds and brooks, Dull to interpret or conceive 10What gospels lost the woods retrieve! Away, ye critics, city-bred, Who springes set of thus and so, And in the first man's footsteps tread, Like those who toil through drifted snow! 15Away, my poets, whose sweet spell[32] Can make a garden of a cell! I need ye not, for I to-day Will make one long sweet verse of play. </div> </div> <div class="footnotes">[32] There is a delightful pair of poems by Wordsworth, Expostulation and Reply, and The Tables Turned, which show how another poet treats books and nature. </div> [88] <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> Snap, chord of manhood's tenser strain! 20To-day I will be a boy again; The mind's pursuing element, Like a bow slackened and unbent, In some dark corner shall be leant. The robin sings, as of old, from the limb! 25The catbird croons in the lilac bush! Through the dim arbor, himself more dim, Silently hops the hermit-thrush, The withered leaves keep dumb for him; The irreverent buccaneering bee 30Hath stormed and rifled the nunnery Of the lily, and scattered the sacred floor With haste-dropt gold from shrine to door; There, as of yore, The rich, milk-tingeing buttercup 35Its tiny polished urn holds up, Filled with ripe summer to the edge, The sun in his own wine to pledge; And our tall elm, this hundredth year Doge of our leafy Venice here, 40Who, with an annual ring, doth wed The blue Adriatic overhead, Shadows with his palatial mass The deep canals of flowing grass. </div> <div class="stanza"> O unestrangëd birds and bees! 45O face of Nature always true! O never-unsympathizing trees! O never-rejecting roof of blue, Whose rash disherison never falls On us unthinking prodigals, 50Yet who convictest all our ill, So grand and unappeasable! Methinks my heart from each of these Plucks part of childhood back again, Long there imprisoned, as the breeze 55Doth every hidden odor seize Of wood and water, hill and plain; Once more am I admitted peer In the upper house of Nature here, And feel through all my pulses run [89] 60The royal blood of breeze and sun. </div> <div class="stanza"> Upon these elm-arched solitudes No hum of neighbor toil intrudes; The only hammer that I hear Is wielded by the woodpecker, 65The single noisy calling his In all our leaf-hid Sybaris; The good old time, close-hidden here, Persists, a loyal cavalier, While Roundheads prim, with point of fox, 70Probe wainscot-chink and empty box; Here no hoarse-voiced iconoclast Insults thy statues, royal Past; Myself too prone the axe to wield, I touch the silver side of the shield 75With lance reversed, and challenge peace, A willing convert of the trees. </div> <div class="stanza"> How chanced it that so long I tost A cable's length from this rich coast, With foolish anchors hugging close 80The beckoning weeds and lazy ooze, Nor had the wit to wreck before On this enchanted island's shore, Whither the current of the sea, With wiser drift, persuaded me? </div> <div class="stanza"> 85O, might we but of such rare days Build up the spirit's dwelling-place! A temple of so Parian stone Would brook a marble god alone, The statue of a perfect life, [90] 90Far-shrined from earth's bestaining strife. Alas! though such felicity In our vext world here may not be, Yet, as sometimes the peasant's hut Shows stones which old religion cut 95With text inspired, or mystic sign Of the Eternal and Divine, Torn from the consecration deep Of some fallen nunnery's mossy sleep, So, from the ruins of this day 100Crumbling in golden dust away, The soul one gracious block may draw, Carved with some fragment of the law, Which, set in life's prosaic wall, Old benedictions may recall, 105And lure some nunlike thoughts to take Their dwelling here for memory's sake. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>THE FOOT-PATH.</h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> It mounts athwart the windy hill Through sallow slopes of upland bare, And Fancy climbs with foot-fall still Its narrowing curves that end in air. </div> <div class="stanza"> 5By day, a warmer-hearted blue Stoops softly to that topmost swell; Its thread-like windings seem a clew To gracious climes where all is well. </div> <div class="stanza"> By night, far yonder, I surmise 10An ampler world than clips my ken, Where the great stars of happier skies [91] Commingle nobler fates of men. </div> <div class="stanza"> I look and long, then haste me home, Still master of my secret rare; 15Once tried, the path would end in Rome, But now it leads me everywhere. </div> <div class="stanza"> Forever to the new it guides, From former good, old overmuch; What Nature for her poets hides, 20'Tis wiser to divine than clutch. </div> <div class="stanza"> The bird I list hath never come Within the scope of mortal ear; My prying step would make him dumb, And the fair tree, his shelter, sear. </div> <div class="stanza"> 25Behind the hill, behind the sky, Behind my inmost thought, he sings; No feet avail; to hear it nigh, The song itself must lend the wings. </div> <div class="stanza"> Sing on, sweet bird, close hid, and raise 30Those angel stairways in my brain, That climb from these low-vaulted days To spacious sunshines far from pain. </div> <div class="stanza"> Sing when thou wilt, enchantment fleet, I leave thy covert haunt untrod, 35And envy Science not her feat To make a twice-told tale of God. </div> <div class="stanza">[92] They said the fairies tript no more, And long ago that Pan was dead; 'Twas but that fools preferred to bore 40Earth's rind inch-deep for truth instead. </div> <div class="stanza"> Pan leaps and pipes all summer long, The fairies dance each full-mooned night, Would we but doff our lenses strong, And trust our wiser eyes' delight. </div> <div class="stanza"> 45City of Elf-land, just without Our seeing, marvel ever new, Glimpsed in fair weather, a sweet doubt Sketched-in, mirage-like, on the blue. </div> <div class="stanza"> I build thee in yon sunset cloud, 50Whose edge allures to climb the height; I hear thy drowned bells, inly-loud, From still pools dusk with dreams of night. </div> <div class="stanza"> Thy gates are shut to hardiest will, Thy countersign of long-lost speech,— 55Those fountained courts, those chambers still, Fronting Time's far East, who shall reach? </div> <div class="stanza"> I know not, and will never pry, But trust our human heart for all; Wonders that from the seeker fly 60Into an open sense may fall. </div> <div class="stanza"> Hide in thine own soul, and surprise The password of the unwary elves; Seek it, thou canst not bribe their spies; Unsought, they whisper it themselves. </div> </div> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <h2>The Riverside Literature Series.</h2> With Introductions, Notes, Historical Sketches, and Biographical Sketches. Each regular single number, paper, 15 cents. 1. Longfellow's Evangeline.[33][36] 2. Longfellow's Courtship of Miles Standish; Elizabeth.[33] 3. Longfellow's Courtship of Miles Standish. Dramatized. 4. Whittier's Snow-Bound, and Other Poems.[33][36][34] 5. Whittier's Mabel Martin, and Other Poems.[34] 6. Holmes's Grandmother's Story of Bunker Hill Battle, etc.[34] 7, 8, 9. Hawthorne's Grandfather's Chair: True Stories from New England History. 1620-1803. In three parts.[36] 10. Hawthorne's Biographical Stories. With Questions.[34] 11. Longfellow's Children's Hour, and Other Selections.[34] 12. Studies in Longfellow. Thirty-two Topics for Study. 13, 14. Longfellow's Song of Hiawatha. In two parts.[35] 15. Lowell's Under the Old Elm, and Other Poems.[34] 16. Bayard Taylor's Lars: a Pastoral of Norway; and Other Poems. 17, 18. Hawthorne's Wonder-Book. In two parts.[35] 19, 20. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. In two parts.[35] 21. Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac, etc. 22, 23. Hawthorne's Tanglewood Tales. In two parts.[35] 24. Washington's Rules of Conduct, Letters and Addresses.[33] 25, 26. Longfellow's Golden Legend. In two parts.[35] 27. Thoreau's Succession of Forest Trees, Sounds, and Wild Apples. With a Biographical Sketch by R.W. Emerson. 28. John Burroughs's Birds and Bees.[34] 29. Hawthorne's Little Daffydowndilly, and Other Stories.[34] 30. Lowell's Vision of Sir Launfal, and Other Pieces.[33][36][34] 31. Holmes's My Hunt after the Captain, and Other Papers.[33] 32. Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech, and Other Papers. 33, 34, 35. Longfellow's Tales of a Wayside Inn. In three parts.[35] 36. John Burroughs's Sharp Eyes, and Other Papers.[34] 37. Charles Dudley Warner's A-Hunting of the Deer, etc.[33] 38. Longfellow's Building of the Ship, and Other Poems. 39. Lowell's Books and Libraries, and Other Papers. 40. Hawthorne's Tales of the White Hills, and Sketches.[34] 41. Whittier's Tent on the Beach, and Associated Poems. 42. Emerson's Fortune of the Republic, and Other Essays, including the American Scholar. 43. Ulysses among the Phæacians. From W.C. Bryant's Translation of Homer's Odyssey. 44. Edgeworth's Waste Not, Want Not; and The Barring Out. 45. Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome.[33] 46. Old Testament Stories in Scripture Language. 47, 48. Fables and Folk Stories. In two parts.[35] 49, 50. Hans Andersen's Stories. In two parts.[35] 51, 52. Washington Irving: Essays from the Sketch Book. [51.] Rip Van Winkle, and other American Essays. [52] The Voyage, and other English Essays. In two parts.[35] 53. Scott's Lady of the Lake. Edited by W.J. Rolfe. With copious notes and numerous illustrations. (Double Number, 30 cents. Also, in Rolfe's Students' Series, cloth to Teachers, 53 cents.) Also, bound in linen: [33] 25 cents. [34] 29 and 10 in one vol., 40 cents; likewise 28 and 36, 4 and 5, 6 and 31, 15 and 36, 40 and 69, 11 and 63. [35] Also in one vol. 40 cents. [36] 1, 4, and 30 also in one vol., 50 cents; likewise 7, 8, and 9, 33, 34, and 36.   <h3>JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL.</h3> <h4>POEMS</h4> Cabinet Edition. 16mo, $1.00, half calf, $2.00, tree calf, flexible calf, or flexible levant, $3.00. The Same. Household Edition. With Portrait and Illustrations. 12mo, $1.50, full gilt, $2.00, half calf, $3.00, levant or tree calf, $4.50. The Same. New Cambridge Edition. From new plates, printed from clear type on opaque paper, and attractively bound. With a Portrait and engraved Title-page, and a Vignette of Lowell's Home, Elmwood. 8vo, gilt top, $2.00. The Same. Family Edition. Illustrated. 8vo, full gilt, $2.00. The Same. Illustrated Library Edition. With Portrait and 32 full-page Illustrations. 8vo, full gilt, $3.00, half calf, $5.00, levant, padded calf, or tree calf, $7.50. <h4>PROSE AND POETRY.</h4> New Riverside Edition. Same style as Riverside. Longfellow and Whittier. With Portraits. The set, 12 vols. crown 8vo, gilt top, each (except vols. 11 and 12), $1.50, vols. 11 and 12, each, $1.25, the set, 12 vols., $17.50, half calf, $33.00, half calf, gilt top, $36.00, half levant, $48.00. Prose Works. (Vols. 1-6, 11, 12.) Separate, $11.50. Poems (Vols. 7-10) Separate, $6.00. 1-4. Literary Essays (including My Study Windows, Among my Books, Fireside Travels), 5. Political Essays, 6. Literary and Political Addresses, 7-10. Poems, 11. Latest Literary Essays and Addresses, 12. The Old English Dramatists. <h4>SEPARATE WORKS AND COMPILATIONS.</h4> The Vision of Sir Launfal. A Poem of the Search for the Holy Grail. Illustrated. 16mo, flexible leather, $1.50. The Same. New Edition. Illustrated with Photogravures from designs by E.H. Garrett, and a new Portrait. 16mo, gilt top, $1.50. A Fable for Critics. With outline portraits of authors mentioned, and facsimile of title-page of First Edition. Crown 8vo, gilt top, $1.00. Heartsease and Rue. 16mo, gilt top, $1.25. 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With a Biographical Sketch, Notes, and Illustrations. Paper, 15 cents, net, cloth, 25 cents, net. (Nos. 15 and 30 also bound together in one volume, cloth, 40 cents, net.) No. 39. Books and Libraries, and Other Papers. With Notes. Paper, 15 cents, net. Extra Double No. M. A Fable for Critics. With Outline Portraits. 30 cents, net. Extra Double No. O. Lowell Leaflets. 30 cents, net; cloth, 40 cents, net. Modern Classics: Vol 5. The Vision of Sir Launfal, The Cathedral, Favorite Poems. Vol. 31. My Garden Acquaintance, A Good Word for Winter, A Moosehead Journal. School Edition. Each, 32mo, 40 cents, net. Riverside School Library: The Vision of Sir Launfal, and other Verse and Prose. 16mo, half leather, 60 cents, net. Portraits. Lowell at 24, etching, at 31, at 38, at 39, at 62, at 69. Steel, each 25 cents. On India paper, 75 cents. Lowell at 23, photogravure, 75 cents. Atlantic Life-Size Portrait, $1.00. <h4>HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY.</h4> <h3>The Riverside Literature Series.</h3> <h5>(Continued.)</h5> Each regular single number, paper, 15 cents. 54. Bryant's Sella, Thanatopsis, and Other Poems.[33] 55. Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice. Thurber.[33][34] 56. Webster's First Bunker Hill Oration, and the Oration on Adams and Jefferson. 57. Dickens's Christmas Carol.[34] With Notes and a Biography. 58. Dickens's Cricket on the Hearth.[34] 59. Verse and Prose for Beginners in Reading.[33] 60, 61. The Sir Roger de Ooverley Papers. In two parts.[35] 62. John Fiske's War of Independence. With Maps and a Biographical Sketch.[36] 63. Longfellow's Paul Revere's Ride, and Other Poems.[34] 64. 65, 66. Tales from Shakespeare. Edited by Charles and Mary Lamb. In three parts. [Also, in one volume, linen, 50 cents.] 67. Shakespeare's Julius Cæsar.[33][34] 68. Goldsmith's Deserted Village, The Traveller, etc.[33] 69. Hawthorne's Old Manse, and A Few Mosses.[34] 70. A Selection from Whittier's Child Life in Poetry.[34] 71. A Selection from Whittier's Child Life in Prose.[34] 72. Milton's L'Allegro, Il Penseroso, Oomus, Lycidas, etc.[34] 73. Tennyson's Enoch Arden, and Other Poems. 74. Gray's Elegy, etc.: Oowper's John Gilpin, etc. 75. Scudder's George Washington.[36] 76. Wordsworth's On the Intimations of Immortality, etc. 77. Burns's Cotter's Saturday Night, and Other Poems. 78. Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield.[36] 79. Lamb's Old China, and Other assays of Elia. 80. Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner, and Other Poems; Campbell's Lochiel's Warning, and Other Poems. <div class="footnotes"> Also, bound in linen: [33] 25 cents. [34] 11 and 63 in one vol., 40 cents; likewise 55 and 67, 57 and 58, 40 and 69, 70 and 71, 72 and 94. [35] Also in one vol., 40 cents. [36] Double Number, paper, 30 cents; linen, 40 cents. </div>   EXTRA NUMBERS. A. American Authors and their Birthdays. Programmes and Suggestions for the Celebration of the Birthdays of Authors. By A.S. Roe. B. Portraits and Biographies of 20 American Authors. C. A Longfellow Night. For Catholic Schools and Societies. D. Literature in School. Essays by Horace E. Scudder. E. Harriet Beecher Stowe. Dialogues and Scenes. F. Longfellow Leaflets. G. Whittier Leaflets. H. Holmes Leaflets. O. Lowell Leaflets. (Each a Double Number, 30 cents; linen, 40 cents.) Poems and Prose Passages for Reading and Recitation. I. The Riverside Manual for Teachers, containing Suggestions and Illustrative Lessons leading up to Primary Reading. By I.F. Hall. K. The Riverside Primer and Reader. (Special Number.) In paper covers, with cloth back, 25 cents; in strong linen binding, 30 cents. L. The Riverside Song Book. Containing Classic American Poems set to Standard Music. (Double Number, 30 cents; boards, 40 cents.) M. Lowells' Fable for Critics. 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