<h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER II.</h2></div>
<h3 class='c012'>INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS IN U. S. AMERICA.</h3>
<dl class='dl_2 c003'>
<br/>A.D. 1557.
<br/>Appeared in America. Spread from Constantinople. Very fatal.
<br/> 1580.
<br/>Pandemic II. Spread to America.
<br/> 1647.
<br/>For the first time mentioned in the history of America. Swept the
plantations in the South.
<br/> 1732–33.
<br/>Pandemic III. October 1732 appeared in Connecticut. Following day in
Massachusetts; Annapolis two days later, attacked 50% of the garrison.
<br/> 1761.
<br/>Appeared in the spring. Northern parts of U. S. A. Philadelphia,
Massachusetts and Weymouth.
<br/> 1767.
<br/>Appeared in the month of May.
<br/> 1775–76.
<br/>Epidemic in the U. S. A.
<br/> 1781–82.
<br/>Pandemic IV. Very severe, widespread, appeared in the spring. Began in
the east, China, thence to India, Russia, western Europe. Named
the “Russian Catarrh.” Appeared in U. S. A. in April 1782.
<br/> 1788–89.
<br/>Prevailed extensively in U. S. A. From the 15th to the 45th degree of
latitude, spread over this area in 6 to 8 weeks.
<br/> 1807.
<br/>Generally disseminated throughout the U. S. A.
<br/> 1815.
<br/>〃 〃 〃 〃
<br/> 1824.
<br/>〃 〃 〃 〃
<br/> 1825.
<br/>〃 〃 〃 〃
<br/> 1826.
<br/>〃 〃 〃 〃
<br/> 1830.
<br/>Pandemic VI. November 1831 reached America. Seat of the outbreak
Manila, P. I., in September, 1830.
<br/> 1843.
<br/>Very prevalent in New England in the month of June.
<br/> 1850–51.
<br/>Epidemic in the U. S. A.
<br/> 1873.
<br/>Prevalent in the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Illinois,
Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, Alabama, Louisiana,
Texas.
<br/> 1874–75.
<br/>Reoccurred in all the above States.
<br/> 1879.
<br/>Epidemic in the U. S. A.
<br/> 1889–90.
<br/>Pandemic IX. Began in May, 1889, at Bukhara, Russian Turkestan. One of
the worst pandemics ever known; ran over the whole globe in a few
months.
<br/>
<br/>America infected from both Siberia and Europe.
<br/>
<br/>Appeared in New York end of October 1889.
<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span></div>
<br/>
<br/>San Francisco infected from Japan December, 1889.
<br/> 1918–19.
<br/>Pandemic X. Began in southwestern Spain in April, 1918. Spread to the
U. S. A. in May, 1918, wide morbidity. Prevalent all over the States.
Pneumonia very severe and fatal, especially in the
training camps, where it swept off numbers of the flower of the
American youth.
<table class='table2' summary=''>
<tr>
<td class='c016'>To date, number of Epidemics in the U. S. A.</td>
<td class='c018'>17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class='c016'>To date, number of Pandemics in the U. S. A.</td>
<td class='c018'>5</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3 class='c012'>INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS IN EUROPE AND ASIA.</h3>
<dl class='dl_3 c003'>
<br/>B.C. 1103.
<br/>Epidemic in Babylon, or Babirus of the Persians.
<br/> 722.
<br/>Epidemic in Nineveh, during the reign of Sargon, King of Assyria.
<br/> 591.
<br/>Diodorus mentions a pestilence as having occurred at this date;
accompanied with headache, coma and death.
(?Meningitis) A.M.
<br/> 412.
<br/>The Roman Historian and writer Livy refers to a pestilence resembling the
Flu in book iv. page 52.
<br/> 395.
<br/>A pestilence claimed to be Flu destroyed by thousands the soldiers in the
Greek army at the siege of Syracuse. (?Plague or Cholera) A.M.
<br/>A.D. 827.
<br/>A cough disease with fever spread rapidly and widely; known as
<span lang="ang" xml:lang="ang">Heafd</span> or <span lang="ang" xml:lang="ang">Heafod Flowan</span>, also as <span lang="de" xml:lang="de">Se Wulf</span>. Epidemic in
Britain.
<br/> 876.
<br/>A disease attended with cough and fever, pain in the eyes, <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Italiae
febris</span>, Italian fever. Ravaged Germany and Italy.
<br/> 888.
<br/>A disease with cough and fever spread through Germany.
<br/> 927.
<br/>A disease with cough and fever. Epidemic in France and Germany.
<br/> 996–7.
<br/>A disease with cough and fever. Epidemic in England.
<br/> 1173.
<br/>First epidemic or claimed to be the first, prevailed in Italy, Germany and
England.
<br/> 1323.
<br/>The same countries invaded, spread to persons, towns and villages.
<br/> 1327.
<br/>The same countries invaded, spread to persons, towns and villages.
<br/> 1387.
<br/>Jacob von Königshofen states in the Strasburg chronicle, “A general
pestilence invaded the whole country, attended with cough and fever;
hardly one among ten were unaffected.”
<br/> 1403–4.
<br/>Epidemic over Europe.
<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span></div>
<br/> 1411.
<br/>Epidemic: name given to the disease le Tac. Cause: contagion in the air,
extensively; caused Abortions, during convalescence there was profuse
hemorrhages from the mouth, nose and bowels. This account of the
disease is given by Pasquier of Paris, 1665.
<br/> 1414.
<br/>Epidemic in France in February and March. Names given to the disease, Le
Tac, le Horion and the Coqueluche. (Authority, Lobineau.)
<br/> 1427.
<br/>Epidemic. Widespread in France and the continent of Europe. Name given to
the disease, Ladendo. Symptoms, cough, insomnia, renal pains, anorexia,
rigors constantly. The greeting everywhere on meeting friends
was “Have you had Ladendo?”
<br/> *1510.
<br/>PANDEMIC I. All over Europe. First accurate description given of its
prevalence in the British Isles. Mild in type. Names given in France,
Cephale Catarrhale and Coqueluche; in Britain Coccoluche.
(Authority, T. Thompson.)
<br/> 1557.
<br/>Came from Constantinople. Very fatal. Spread to U. S. A. Ravaged Paris in
July and August, Spain in August, England in September, Holland
in October.
<br/>
<br/>Distinctive symptoms, “tightness and dreadful oppression over the chest,
as if bound with red hot chains; the same sensations over the abdomen
and stomach.” (Authorities, Thompson, Herman.)
<br/> 1562.
<br/>Mild Epidemic.
<br/> 1563.
<br/>Mild Epidemic.
<h3 class='c012'>1580</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC II. Started on the north coast of Africa in
Algiers and Morocco, in May, also in the Island of Malta.</p>
<p class='c014'>Spread to the U. S. A. (Authority, Fonseca of Madrid.)</p>
<p class='c014'>England ravaged August, September, October, November.</p>
<p class='c014'>Rome, 9,000 persons died.</p>
<p class='c014'>Barcelona, Cadiz, Cordova, Seville, Madrid and other Spanish
cities are said to have been depopulated.</p>
<p class='c014'>The Spanish Physicians bled their patients, this venesection
is said to have been very fatal; those who were not bled, most
lived.</p>
<p class='c014'>Thomas Short, London, 1587, states on page 9, “All had the
Coccoluche; few died except those who were bled or had unsound
Viscera.”</p>
<p class='c014'>Anna, wife of Philip I. of Spain, died of the disease.</p>
<p class='c014'>Pope Gregory XIII. was given up for death, but recovered.</p>
<p class='c014'><span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>Epidemics in 1591, 1593, 1597, 1626.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1647</h3>
<p class='c013'>Noah Webster states, “For the first time Influenza is mentioned
in the history of U. S. America, but it must not be concluded
in the absence of earlier records, that the disease never
occurred in the U. S. A.”</p>
<p class='c014'>Webster also cites from Hubbard, “the disease swept the
Southern States and the plantations.”</p>
<p class='c014'>The West Indies were ravaged and had an extensive morbidity;
on each of the Islands of Barbadoes and St. Kitts there
were 5,000 to 6,000 cases.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1658</h3>
<p class='c013'>Epidemic in Europe, started the end of April. Thomas
Wills, M.D. of Oxford, says, “the cause of the disease was a
Blast from the Stars.”</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1675</h3>
<p class='c013'>Epidemic, ravaged Germany.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1688</h3>
<p class='c013'>Epidemic, began in May. Europe swept. Great mortality in
Britain.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1693</h3>
<p class='c013'>Epidemic. Europe.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1709</h3>
<p class='c013'>Epidemic in Europe. France, Germany and Italy chiefly affected.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1712</h3>
<p class='c013'>Europe, epidemic began in Germany. Fever, cough, sense of
dread and oppression, painful eyes and great backache. Rapid
spread, great and prolonged exhaustion, morbidity great, nearly
everyone attacked, mortality very light.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1729–30</h3>
<p class='c013'>Origin, Moscow, Russia, April, 1729. Morbidity enormous,
lightning-like spread. In London great mortality, barely 1%
escaped. In the month of September, 1729, over 1,000 persons
died each week. Rome had some 60,000 cases. (Authority, Hahn.)</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1732–3</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC III. Raged over the entire earth. Spread
to U. S. America October, 1732.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1742–3</h3>
<p class='c013'>La GRIPPE and INFLUENZA appear as names given to
the disease for the first time. Epidemic, great morbidity, few
deaths.</p>
<div>
<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>
<h3 class='c012'>1758</h3></div>
<p class='c013'>The Flu prevailed as an epidemic in France, Scotland and
the West Indies.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1761</h3>
<p class='c013'>Present in the U. S. A. in the spring.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1762</h3>
<p class='c013'>Epidemic in Europe.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1767</h3>
<p class='c013'>U. S. America, began in month of May.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1775–6</h3>
<p class='c013'>Spread from Europe to U. S. A. (Authority, Gluge.)</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1780–1</h3>
<p class='c013'>January, 1780, started in France.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1781–2.</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC IV. Very severe, widespread. Began in
the autumn of 1781 on the borders of China and India, thence
spread to Russia and U. S. A.</p>
<p class='c014'>In 1782 appeared in western Europe; the name given in
this Pandemic was RUSSIAN CATARRH.</p>
<p class='c014'>The British fleet sailed from the Channel ports, Plymouth
and Portsmouth, on May 6, 1782. No further contact was had
with the land, yet on the 27th of May the Flu broke out on the
fleet.</p>
<p class='c014'>**(The presence of Flu carriers on the ships, or infected
stores, clothes and other fomites and only opened after a week
or two at sea; also the Flu being epidemic at the ports of departure,
will amply account for this alleged miracle) (Author.)</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1788–9</h3>
<p class='c013'>Widespread epidemic in the U. S. A. “Statement of Webster.”</p>
<p class='c014'>“Influenza is not spread by Infection; sailors on board ships
100 miles from land, and insulated as to infection were attacked.”</p>
<p class='c014'>**(Influenza is spread by infection, the explanation and defense
is the same as just made above.) (Author.)</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1799–1800</h3>
<p class='c013'>North Eastern Europe. Epidemic.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1802–3</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC V.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1807</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC VI.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1830</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC VII. The seat of the outbreak was Manila,
P.I., in September. It spread to the U. S. A.</p>
<div>
<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>
<h3 class='c012'>1833</h3></div>
<p class='c013'>Epidemic in Northern Asia, Europe, North Africa. In St.
Petersburg great morbidity, none escaped.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1836–7</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC VIII. Starting point obscure, but in the Eastern
Hemisphere. Morbidity and Mortality large. Pulmonary Influenza
or Influenza-Pneumonia cases very common.</p>
<p class='c014'>In London, for the week ending January 24, 1837, there died
1166 persons; and for the week ending January 31, the death
rate reached a total of 1169; these deaths were solely due to Flu.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1847–8</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC IX. Point of origin unknown; center of the
focus of the disease the Eastern Hemisphere and Europe especially.
More females than males were attacked.</p>
<p class='c014'>Great mortality; of those affected with the disease, there
died</p>
<div class='lg-container-b'>
<div class='linegroup'>
<div class='group'>
<div class='line in1'>83% of children, babies and infants.<SPAN name='t14'></SPAN></div>
<div class='line'>104% of those 15 to 60 years.</div>
<div class='line'>247% of those over 60 years.</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class='lg-container-r'>
<div class='linegroup'>
<div class='group'>
<div class='line'>(Authority, Peacock.)</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<p class='c014'>In Paris ¼ to ½ of the population were attacked.</p>
<p class='c014'>In Geneva ⅓ of the population were attacked.</p>
<p class='c014'>In London 250,000 were said to have been stricken.</p>
<p class='c014'>U. S. America escaped the disease.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1850–1; 1857–8; 1873–4; 1875; 1879.</h3>
<p class='c013'>Influenza prevalent in both Hemispheres.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1889–90</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC X. Started at Bukhara, in Russian Turkestan,
large province situated to the east of the Caspian sea; March,
1889. Very vicious in its morbidity and spread, acted as never
before; ran over the whole globe in a few months.</p>
<p class='c014'>CONTAGIOUS: which hitherto in doubt, was clearly demonstrated
by this Epidemic, which spread from Asia to Russia.</p>
<p class='c014'>America was infected from both Siberia and Europe. Tropical
and temperate countries, mountain and plain, were all swept
over alike.</p>
<h3 class='c012'>1918–9–1920</h3>
<p class='c013'>PANDEMIC XI. Origin in south eastern Spain, Barcelona,
a seaport; April, 1918, where a German submarine is said to
have carried it; originally acquired by this boat at the Baltic port
or ports of Danzig or Stettin.</p>
<p class='c014'>Swept Europe and entered Asiatic Russia, later Japan. U. S.
America was infected at its Pacific and Atlantic ports.</p>
<p class='c014'><span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>The conditions of trade and commerce during the World
War were unusually favorable for the carrying of Influenza to
the U. S. A.</p>
<p class='c014'>America the great-souled, as always, acting most generously,
putting herself on short rations in order to feed the starving
millions of the world, and sending her ships with food and clothing
to the Flu-infected ports, carried back the disease to her own
people.</p>
<table class='table2' summary=''>
<tr>
<td class='c016'>To date, number of Epidemics in Europe</td>
<td class='c018'>47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class='c008'>〃 〃 Pandemics 〃</td>
<td class='c018'>11</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3 class='c012'>NAMES FOR INFLUENZA.</h3>
<table class='table1' summary=''>
<tr>
<td class='c016'>Italian</td>
<td class='c017'><span lang="it" xml:lang="it">Catarro Russo</span>, and <span lang="it" xml:lang="it">Influente</span>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class='c016'>Portuguese</td>
<td class='c017'><span lang="dt" xml:lang="dt">Cattarrho Epidemico.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class='c016'>Spanish</td>
<td class='c017'><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Catarro Epidemico.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class='c016'>German</td>
<td class='c017'><span lang="de" xml:lang="de">Blitzkatarrh</span> = Lightning-catarrh.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class='c016'>German</td>
<td class='c017'><span lang="de" xml:lang="de">Influenz.</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class='chapter'>
<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>
<div style="break-after:column;"></div><br />
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