<SPAN name="startofbook"></SPAN>
<div id="tnote">
<p>Transcriber's Note.</p>
<p>Apparent typographical errors have been corrected. Inconsistent
hyphenation has been retained.</p>
<p>Phrases from the author's own translation of the Epistle are
printed in bold type, interspersed by his commentary on them.
Sidenotes mark the start of most individual verses. The sidenotes
applying to each paragraph have mostly been consolidated.</p>
<p>A list of the 'Expositor's Bible' series has been shifted to the end
of the book.</p>
</div>
<div id="frontm">
<p class="x-large">THE EXPOSITOR'S BIBLE</p>
<p class="x-small">EDITED BY THE REV.</p>
<p>W. ROBERTSON NICOLL, M.A., LL.D.</p>
<p class="x-small"><i>Editor of "The Expositor", etc</i></p>
<h1>THE EPISTLE OF ST PAUL<br/> TO THE ROMANS</h1>
<p class="x-small">BY</p>
<p>HANDLEY C. G. MOULE, M.A.,</p>
<p class="x-small">PRINCIPAL OF RIDLEY HALL, CAMBRIDGE</p>
<p class="gap-above small"><b>London</b></p>
<p>HODDER AND STOUGHTON</p>
<p class="small">27, PATERNOSTER ROW</p>
<p class="x-small">MDCCCXCIV</p>
<p class="x-small gap-above"><i>Printed by Hazell, Watson & Vincy, Ld., London and Aylesbury.</i></p>
<p class="gap-above small"><span class="smcap">To<br/>The Rev.</span> ROBERT SINKER, D.D.,</p>
<p class="x-small">LIBRARIAN OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,<br/>
MY FRIEND OF THIRTY-TWO YEARS,<br/>
TO WHOSE KINDNESS AND KNOWLEDGE<br/>
I AM DEEPLY AND INCREASINGLY INDEBTED,<br/>
THIS BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY<br/>
INSCRIBED.</p>
<p class="x-small">H. C. G. M.</p>
</div>
<div class="quotes">
<p><span class="smcap">Hearing</span> read, as I do continually, the
Epistles of the blessed Paul ... I delight in the enjoyment of his
spiritual trumpet, and my heart leaps up, and my longings set me
glowing, as I recognize the voice so dear to me, and seem to image the
speaker all but present to me, and to see him in discourse. But I
mourn and am distressed, because all do not know this man as they
should know him.... It is from hence our myriad evils spring—from our
ignorance of the Scriptures. Hence grows this epidemic of our
heresies; hence our neglected lives, hence our unfruitful toil.</p>
<p class="ralign"><span class="smcap">St Chrysostom</span>,
<i>Preamble to Homilies on the Epistle to the Romans</i>.</p>
</div>
<h2>PREFACE</h2>
<p class="dropcap">He who attempts to expound the Epistle to the
Romans, when his sacred task is over, is
little disposed to speak about his Commentary; he is
occupied rather with an ever deeper reverence and
wonder over the Text which he has been permitted
to handle, a Text so full of a marvellous man, above
all so full of <span class="smcap">God</span>.</p>
<p>But it seems needful to say a few words about
the style of the running Translation of the Epistle
which will be found interwoven with this Exposition.</p>
<p>The writer is aware that the translation is often
rough and formless. His apology is that it has
been done with a view not to a connected reading
but to the explanation of details. A rough piece
of rendering, which would be a misrepresentation in
a continuous version, because it would be out of
scale with the general style, seems to be another
matter when it only calls the reader's attention to a
particular point presented for study at the moment.</p>
<p>Again, he is aware that his rendering of the
Greek article in many passages (for example, where
he has ventured to explain it by "<i>our</i>," "<i>true</i>," etc.)
is open to criticism. But he intends no more in
such places than a suggestion; and he is conscious,
as he has said sometimes at the place, that it is
almost impossible to render the article as he has
done in these cases without a certain exaggeration,
which must be discounted by the reader.</p>
<p>The use of the article in Greek is one of the
simplest and most assured things in grammar, as
to its main principles. But as regards some details
of the application of principle, there is nothing in
grammar which seems so easily to elude the line
of law.</p>
<p>It is scarcely necessary to say that on questions of
literary criticism which in no respect, or at most
remotely, concern exposition, this Commentary says
little or nothing. It is well known to literary students
of the Epistle that some phenomena in the text, from
the close of ch. xiv. onwards, have raised important
and complex questions. It has been asked whether
the great Doxology (xvi. 25-27) always stood where
it now stands; whether it should stand at the close
of our ch. xiv.; whether its style and wording allow
us to regard it as contemporary with the Epistle as
a whole, or whether they indicate that it was written
later in St Paul's course; whether our fifteenth and
sixteenth chapters, while Pauline, are not out of
place in an Epistle to Rome; in particular, whether
the list of names in ch. xvi. is compatible with a
Roman destination.</p>
<p>These questions, with one exception, that which
affects the list of names, are not even touched upon in
the present Exposition. The expositor, personally convinced
that the pages we know as the Epistle to the
Romans are not only all genuine but all intimately
coherent, has not felt himself called to discuss, in a
devotional writing, subjects more proper to the lecture-room
and the study; and which certainly would be out
of place in the ministry of the pulpit.</p>
<p>Meantime, those who care to read a masterly <i>debate</i>
on the literary problems in question may consult the
recently published volume (1893), <i>Biblical Studies</i>, by
the late Bishop Lightfoot, of Durham. That volume
contains (pp. 287-374) three critical Essays (1869, 1871),
two by Bishop Lightfoot, one by the late Dr Hort,
on <i>The Structure and Destination of the Epistle to the
Romans</i>. The two illustrious friends,—Hort criticizing
Lightfoot, Lightfoot replying to Hort,—examine
the phenomena of Rom. xv.-xvi. Lightfoot advocates
the theory that St Paul, some time after writing the
Epistle, issued an abridged edition for wider circulation,
omitting the direction to Rome, closing the document
with our ch. xiv., and then (not before) writing, as a
finale, the great Doxology. Hort holds to the practical
entirety of the Epistle as we have it, and reasons at
length for the contemporaneousness of xvi. 25-27 with
the rest.<span class="fnanchor"><SPAN name="Ref_1" id="Ref_1" href="#Foot_1">[1]</SPAN></span></p>
<p>We may note here that both Hort and Lightfoot
contend for <i>the conciliatory</i> aim of the Roman Epistle.
They regard the great passage about Israel (ix.-xi.) as
in some sense the heart of the Epistle, and the doctrinal
passages preceding this as all more or less meant to
bear on the relations not only of the Law and the
Gospel, but of the Jew and the Gentile as members
of the one Christian Church. There is great value in
this suggestion, explained and illustrated as it is in the
Essays in question. But the thought may easily be
worked to excess. It seems plain to the present
writer that when the Epistle is studied from within
its deepest spiritual element, it shews us the Apostle
fully mindful of the largest aspects of the life and
work of the Church, but also, and yet more, occupied
with the problem of the relation of the believing sinner
to God. The question of personal salvation was never,
by St Paul, forgotten in that of Christian policy.</p>
<p>To return for a moment to this Exposition, or rather
to its setting; it may be doubted whether, in imagining
the dictation of the Epistle to be begun and completed
by St Paul <i>within one day</i> we have not imagined "a
hard thing." But at worst it is not an impossible
thing, if the Apostle's utterance was as sustained as
his thought.</p>
<p>It remains only to express the hope that these pages
may serve in some degree to convey to their readers
a new <i>Tolle, Lege</i> for the divine Text itself; if only
by suggesting to them sometimes the words of St
Augustine, "<i>To Paul I appeal from all interpreters of
his writings</i>."</p>
<p class="sig">Ridley Hall, Cambridge,<br/>
All Saints' Day, 1893.</p>
<div class="footnote">
<p class="nodent"><SPAN name="Foot_1" id="Foot_1" href="#Ref_1">[1]</SPAN>
See also Westcott and Hort's <i>N. T. in the Original Greek</i>, vol. 2,
Appendix, pp. 110-114 (ed. 1).</p>
</div>
<div id="errata">
<p class="gap-above center">ERRATA.</p>
<p>Page 113, line 8, <i>for</i> "circumcision" <i>read</i> "uncircumcision."</p>
<p>Page 263, line 15, <i>for</i>
"<span title="Amaiv"><span dir="rtl" xml:lang="he"
lang="he">אָמֵו</span></span>"
<i>read</i>
"<span title="Amain"><span dir="rtl" xml:lang="he"
lang="he">אָמֵן</span></span>".</p>
</div>
<div class="quotes">
<p class="gap-above">Forasmuch as this Epistle is ... a light and way unto the whole Scripture,
I think it meet that every Christian man not only know it, by rote and without
the book, but also exercise himself therein evermore continually, as with the
daily bread of the soul. No man verily can read it too oft, or study it too well;
for the more it is studied, the easier it is; the more it is chewed, the pleasanter
it is; and the more groundly it is searched, the preciouser things are found in
it, so great treasure of spiritual things lieth hid therein.</p>
<p class="ralign"><span class="smcap">W. Tyndale</span>, after <span class="smcap">Luther</span>.</p>
<p class="gap-above">Towards the close of one of my nights of suffering, at half-past four, I asked
my kind watcher ... to read me a chapter of the Word of God. He proposed
the eighth of the Epistle to the Romans. I assented, but with the request that,
to secure the connexion of ideas, he would go back to the sixth, and even to the
fifth. We read in succession the four chapters, v., vi., vii., viii., and I thought
no more of sleep.... Then we read the ninth, and the remaining passages, to
the end, with an interest always equal and sustained; and then the first four,
that nothing might be lost. About two hours had passed.... I cannot tell
you how I was struck, in thus reading the Epistle as a whole, with the seal
of divinity, of truth, of holiness, of love, and of power, which is impressed
on every page, on every word. We felt, my young friend and I, ... that
we were listening to a voice from heaven.</p>
<p class="ralign"><span class="smcap">A. Monod</span>, <i>Adieux</i>, § V.,
<i>Quelques Mots sur la Lecture de la Bible</i>.</p>
</div>
<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
<table id="toc" summary="table of contents">
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="loc"><span class="x-small">PAGE</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER I.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">TIME, PLACE, AND OCCASION</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_1">1</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER II.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">THE WRITER AND HIS READERS</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_10">10</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> i. 1-7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER III.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">GOOD REPORT OF THE ROMAN CHURCH: PAUL NOT ASHAMED OF THE GOSPEL</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_23">23</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> i. 8-17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER IV.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">NEED FOR THE GOSPEL: GOD'S ANGER AND MAN'S SIN</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_38">38</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> i. 18-23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER V.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">MAN GIVEN UP TO HIS OWN WAY: THE HEATHEN</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_48">48</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> i. 24-32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER VI.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">HUMAN GUILT UNIVERSAL: HE APPROACHES THE CONSCIENCE OF THE JEW</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_56">56</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> ii. 1-16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER VII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">JEWISH RESPONSIBILITY AND GUILT</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_67">67</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> ii. 17-29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER VIII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">JEWISH CLAIMS: NO HOPE IN HUMAN MERIT</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_78">78</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> iii. 1-20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER IX.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">THE ONE WAY OF DIVINE ACCEPTANCE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_90">90</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> iii. 21-31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="note">DETACHED NOTE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_100">100</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER X.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">ABRAHAM AND DAVID</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_103">103</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> iv. 1-12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="note">DETACHED NOTE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_115">115</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XI.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">ABRAHAM (ii.)</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_117">117</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> iv. 13-25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">PEACE, LOVE, AND JOY FOR THE JUSTIFIED</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_128">128</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> v. 1-11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="note">DETACHED NOTES</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_140">140</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XIII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">CHRIST AND ADAM</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_143">143</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> v. 12-21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XIV.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">JUSTIFICATION AND HOLINESS</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_156">156</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> vi. 1-13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XV.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">JUSTIFICATION AND HOLINESS: ILLUSTRATIONS FROM HUMAN LIFE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_170">170</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> vi. 14—vii. 6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XVI.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">THE FUNCTION OF THE LAW IN THE SPIRITUAL LIFE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_187">187</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> vii. 7-25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XVII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">THE JUSTIFIED: THEIR LIFE BY THE HOLY SPIRIT</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_203">203</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> viii. 1-11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XVIII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">HOLINESS BY THE SPIRIT, AND THE GLORIES THAT SHALL FOLLOW</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_218">218</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> viii. 12-25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XIX.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">THE SPIRIT OF PRAYER IN THE SAINTS: THEIR PRESENT AND ETERNAL WELFARE
IN THE LOVE OF GOD</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_231">231</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> viii. 26-39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XX.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">THE SORROWFUL PROBLEM: JEWISH UNBELIEF; DIVINE SOVEREIGNTY</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_244">244</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> ix. 1-33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="note">DETACHED NOTE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_261">261</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXI.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">JEWISH UNBELIEF AND GENTILE FAITH: PROPHECY</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_264">264</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> x. 1-21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">ISRAEL HOWEVER NOT FORSAKEN</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_282">282</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xi. 1-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXIII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">ISRAEL'S FALL OVERRULED, FOR THE WORLD'S BLESSING,
AND FOR ISRAEL'S MERCY</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_294">294</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xi. 11-24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXIV.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">THE RESTORATION OF ISRAEL DIRECTLY FORETOLD: ALL IS
OF AND FOR GOD</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_307">307</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xi. 25-36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXV.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">CHRISTIAN CONDUCT THE ISSUE OF CHRISTIAN TRUTH</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_321">321</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xii. 1-8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXVI.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">CHRISTIAN DUTY: DETAILS OF PERSONAL CONDUCT</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_336">336</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xii. 9-21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXVII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">CHRISTIAN DUTY; IN CIVIL LIFE AND OTHERWISE: LOVE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_348">348</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xiii. 1-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXVIII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">CHRISTIAN DUTY IN THE LIGHT OF THE LORD'S RETURN
AND IN THE POWER OF HIS PRESENCE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_361">361</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xiii. 11-14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXIX.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">CHRISTIAN DUTY: MUTUAL TENDERNESS AND TOLERANCE:
THE SACREDNESS OF EXAMPLE</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_374">374</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xiv. 1-23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXX.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">THE SAME SUBJECT: THE LORD'S EXAMPLE:
HIS RELATION TO US ALL</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_393">393</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xv. 1-13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXXI.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">ROMAN CHRISTIANITY: ST PAUL'S COMMISSION:
HIS INTENDED ITINERARY: HE ASKS FOR PRAYER</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_408">408</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xv. 14-33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="num">CHAPTER XXXII.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name">A COMMENDATION: GREETINGS: A WARNING: A DOXOLOGY</td>
<td class="loc"><SPAN href="#Page_421">421</SPAN></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="verse"><span class="smcap">Romans</span> xvi. 1-27</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_1" id="Page_1">{1}</SPAN></span></p>
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