other types <br/>may be included in his makeup.</i><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_133" id="Page_133"></SPAN></span><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
<div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG src="images/deco-133.png" width-obs="400" height-obs="70" alt="" title="" /></div>
<h2>CHAPTER III</h2>
<h1>The Muscular Type</h1>
<h3>"The Worker"</h3>
<div class="figleft"> <ANTIMG src="images/dropcap-133.png" width-obs="75" height-obs="100" alt="" title="" /></div>
<p>eople in whom the muscular system is
proportionately larger and more highly developed than any of their other
systems are Musculars. This system consists of the muscles of the
organism.<br/></p>
<h4>The "Lean Meat" Type</h4>
<p>� The muscle-system of the human body is simply a co-ordinated,
organized arrangement of layers of lean meat, of which every individual
has a complete set.</p>
<p>An individual's muscles may be small, flabby, deficient in strength or
so thin as to be almost imperceptible but they are always
there—elementary in the infant, full grown in the adult and remnants in
the aged. But they are so smoothly fitted together, so closely knitted
and usually so<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_134" id="Page_134"></SPAN></span> well covered that we seldom realize their complexity or
importance.</p>
<p>In the pure Muscular type his muscles are firm and large. Such muscles
can not be disguised but seem to stand out all over him.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Helpless Without Them</h4>
<p>� Without them we would be helpless masses of fat and bone; we could not
blink an eye nor lift a finger. Yet we are so accustomed to them that we
rarely think of them and seldom give them credit for what they do.</p>
<p>Without their wonder-work to adjust the eyes we could not see; without
their power the heart would cease to beat. We can not smile, sob, speak
nor sing without using them. We would have no pianists, violinists,
dancers, aviators, inventors or workers of any kind without them.</p>
<p>Everything we put together—from hooks and eyes to skyscrapers—is
planned by our brains but depends for its materialization upon the
muscles of the human body.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>How to Know Him</h4>
<p>� Look at any individual and you will note one of these three
conditions: that his bones seem to be<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_135" id="Page_135"></SPAN></span> covered just by skin and sinews
(which means that he belongs to the fourth type) or thickly padded with
fat (in which case he is largely of the first type) or well upholstered
with <i>firm</i> meat.</p>
<p>In the latter case he is largely Muscular, no matter what other types
may be present in his makeup.</p>
<p>In a short time you will be able to tell, at a glance, whether the
padding on an individual is mostly fat or mostly muscle, because fat is
always round and soft while muscle is firm and definite.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Physical Solidity</h4>
<p>� A general solidity of structure, as distinguished from the softness of
the Alimentive and the resilience of the Thoracic, characterizes the
Muscular. (See Chart 5)</p>
<p>Poke your finger into a fat man's hand and though it makes a dent that
dent puffs back quickly. Do the same to the Muscular and you will find a
firmness and toughness of fiber that resists but stays there longer once
the dent is made.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Not So Malleable</h4>
<p>� This little illustration is typical of the differences between these
two natures throughout their entirety. Just as the fat man's face gives
to your touch, <i>he</i> will give in to you more easily than any other
type; but he will go back to the same place sooner and more smoothly
when your pressure is removed.<br/><br/><br/><br/><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_136" id="Page_136"></SPAN></span></p>
<div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG src="images/illus-136.png" width-obs="237" height-obs="400" alt="" title="" /> <br/><br/><br/></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_137" id="Page_137"></SPAN></span></p>
<p>The Muscular does not mold so easily, is less suggestible, is less
tractable than the Alimentive or Thoracic but is less likely to revert
afterwards.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Built on the Square</h4>
<p>� "On the Square" is a figurative expression usually applying to a moral
tendency. In this sense it is as often possessed by one type as another.
But in a purely literal sense the Muscular is actually built on the
square. His whole figure is a combination of squares.</p>
<p>The Alimentive is built upon the circle, the Thoracic on the kite-shape
but the pure Muscular always tends toward a squareness of outline.</p>
<p>We repeat, he is no more "square" morally than any other type, so do not
make the mistake of attributing any more of this virtue to him than to
others.</p>
<p>� Each type has its own weaknesses and points of strength as
differentiated from other types and these are responsible for most of
the moral differences between people.<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_138" id="Page_138"></SPAN></span><br/><br/></p>
<h4>No Type Superior Morally</h4>
<p>� Since moral weakness comes from type weakness and since each type
possesses about as many weaknesses as the others, it follows that no
type is superior "morally" to any other and no type is morally inferior
to any other.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Type and Temptation</h4>
<p>� Morality is mostly a matter of how much temptation you can withstand.</p>
<p>Every individual in a civilized community is surrounded by temptations
of some kind most of the time. He does not want to yield to any of them.
Every man and woman does the best of which his particular type is
capable under a given circumstance.</p>
<p>Each individual resists many temptations for which we fail to give him
credit. He yields only to those which make such a strong appeal to his
type that he lacks the power of resistance.</p>
<p>In other words, each person yields to the temptations that prey upon his
particular weaknesses, and what his weaknesses are will depend upon his
type. In the grip of these temptations he may commit anything from
discourtesy to crime<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_139" id="Page_139"></SPAN></span>—according to the strength of the temptation plus
his own leaning in that direction.</p>
<p>On the other hand, certain "immoralities" which appeal strongly to some
types have no attraction whatever for others and these latter get credit
for a virtuousness that has cost them nothing.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Praise and Punishment</h4>
<p>� On the other hand, each one of the five human types has certain points
of strength and from these gets its natural "moral" qualities. We spend
a great deal of energy giving praise and blame but when we realize—as
we are doing more and more—that the type of an individual is
responsible for most of his acts, we will give less of both to the
individual and more of both to the Creator.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Type vs. Training</h4>
<p>� The most that training can do is to brace up the weak spots in us; to
cultivate the strong ones; to teach us to avoid inimical environments;
and to constantly remind us of the penalties we pay whenever we digress.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Child Training</h4>
<p>� As this great science of Human Analysis becomes known the world will
understand for the<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_140" id="Page_140"></SPAN></span> first time "how the other half lives," and <i>why</i> it
lives that way.</p>
<p>We will know why one child just naturally tells fibs while his twin
brother, under identical training, just naturally tells the truth. What
is more to the point we will know this in their childhood and be
prepared to give to each the kind of training which will weed out his
worst and bring out his best.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Short and Stocky</h4>
<p>� The extreme Muscular type (See Chart 5) is below medium height, though
one of any height may be largely muscular.</p>
<p>The extreme type, of which we are treating in this chapter, is shorter
and heavier than the average. But his heaviness is due to <i>muscle</i>
instead of fat. He has the appearance of standing firmly, solidly upon
the ground, of being stalwart and strong.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Square-Shouldered Man</h4>
<p>� The Muscular's shoulders stand out more nearly at right angles than
those of any other type and are much broader in proportion to his
height. The Alimentive has sloping shoulders and the Thoracic inclines
to high shoulders. But the shoul<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_141" id="Page_141"></SPAN></span>ders of the pure Muscular are
straighter and have a squareness where the Alimentive's have curves.
This accounts for the fact that most of the square shouldered men you
have known were not tall men, but medium or below medium in height. The
wide square shoulders do not accompany any other pure type, though
naturally they may be present in an individual who is a combination.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Has Proportionately Long Arms</h4>
<p>� The arms of pure Musculars are longer in proportion to the body than
the arms of other types. The arms of the Alimentive are short for his
body but the extreme Muscular's arms are always anywhere from slightly
longer to very much longer than his height would lead you to expect.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Pure Muscular Head</h4>
<p>� A "square head" is the first thing you think of when you look at a
pure Muscular. His head has no such decided digressions from the normal
as the round head of the Alimentive or the kite-shaped head of the
Thoracic. It is not high for his body like the Thoracic's nor small for
his body like the Alimentive's, but is of average proportions.<br/><br/><br/><br/><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_142" id="Page_142"></SPAN></span></p>
<div class="figcenter"> <ANTIMG src="images/illus-142.png" width-obs="293" height-obs="400" alt="" title="" /></div>
<p><br/><br/></p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_143" id="Page_143"></SPAN></span></p>
<h4>His Thick Neck</h4>
<p>� A distinctive feature of this type is his thick neck. It is not fat
like that of the Alimentive nor medium long like that of the Thoracic
but has unusual muscularity and strength.</p>
<p>This is one of the chief indications of the Muscular's strength. A
sturdy neck is one of the most significant indications of physical
prowess and longevity, while the frail neck—of which we shall speak in
connection with the fifth type—is always a sign of the physical frailty
which endangers life. The thickness of his neck may sometimes give you
the impression that the Muscular head is small but if you will look
again you will see that it is normal for his bodily size.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>His Square Face</h4>
<p>� Looking at him from directly in front you will see that the Muscular's
face gives you an impression of squareness. (See Chart 6) You will also
notice that his side-head, cheeks and jaw run up and down in such a way
as to give him a right-angled face.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>His Square Jaw</h4>
<p>� A broad jaw is another characteristic of this type. Not only is it
square, looked at from the front,<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_144" id="Page_144"></SPAN></span> but you are pretty sure to note that
the jaw bones, as they proceed downward under the ear, tend to make a
right-angled turn at the corners instead of a rounded curve.</p>
<p>These dimensions tend to give the whole lower part of the Muscular's
face a box-like appearance. It is considered becoming to men but robs
its female owners of the delicate, pointed chin so much desired by
women.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Typical Muscular Hand</h4>
<p>� Notice the hands of the people you meet and you will be surprised to
see how different and how interesting they are. Their size, shape and
structure as seen from the back of the hand are especially significant
and tell us much more about the individual's nature than the palm does.</p>
<p>Perhaps you have thought that a hand was just a hand. But there are
hands and hands. Each pure type has its own and no other is ever seen on
the extreme of that type.</p>
<p>The hand of the Muscular, like all the rest of his body, is built in a
series of squares. It runs out from the wrist and down in a straighter
line and tends to right angles. (See Chart 6)<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_145" id="Page_145"></SPAN></span><br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Square Fingers of This Type</h4>
<p>� "Spatulate fingers"—meaning fingers that are square or paddle-shaped
at the tips—are sure indications of a decided muscular tendency.</p>
<p>He may have other types in combination but if his fingers are really
square—"sawed off at the ends" in such a way as to give them large
instead of tapering ends—that person has more than average muscularity
and the activities of his life will tend in the directions referred to
in this chapter.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Manual Worker</h4>
<p>� Musculars are the hand-workers of the world. They are the artisans,
craftsmen, the constructors and builders.</p>
<p>We all tend to use most those organs or parts of the body which are
largest and most highly developed. The Muscular's hand is
proportionately larger than the hand of any other type. It has more
muscle, that one element without which good hand work is impossible.</p>
<p>So it has followed inevitably that the manual work of the world is done
largely by Musculars. Their hands are also so much more powerful that
they do not tire easily.<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_146" id="Page_146"></SPAN></span><br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Hand of the Creative Artist</h4>
<p>� "The artist's hand" and "the artistic hand" are phrases long used but
misused. Delicate tapering fingers were supposed in ancient times to
denote artistic ability. The frail curving hand was also supposed to be
a sign of artistic talent.<br/><br/></p>
<p>From the stage of old down to the movies of today the typical artist is
pictured with a slight, slender hand.</p>
<p>This tapering-fingered hand denotes a keen sense of artistic values; a
love of the esthetic, refined and beautiful; and real artistic
<i>appreciation</i>, but <i>not</i> the ability to create.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>The "Hand Arts"</h4>
<p>� Before we explain this, kindly understand that we are speaking only of
those arts which require hand work—and not of such arts as singing,
dancing, or musical composition which could more properly be called
artistic activities. We are referring only to those arts which depend
for their creation upon the human hand—such as painting, architecture,
craftsmanship, cartooning, sculpture, violin, piano, etc.</p>
<p><i>All these are created by square fingered people.</i><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_147" id="Page_147"></SPAN></span></p>
<p>We are too much inclined to think of the products of these arts as being
created out of sheer artistic sense, artistic taste or artistic insight.
But a moment's reflection will show that every tangible artistic
creation is the result of unusual hand work combined with gifted head
work. Without a sure, strong, well-knit hand the ideas of the greatest
artists could never have materialized. The lack of such a hand explains
why the esthetic, the artistic-minded and the connoisseur do not
<i>create</i> the beautiful things they <i>appreciate</i>.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Head and Hand Partners</h4>
<p>� The hand must execute what the brain plans and it must be so perfect a
mechanism for this that it responds to the most elusive inspirations of
the artist. It must be a fifty per cent partner, else its owner will
never produce real art.<br/><br/></p>
<p>No type has this strong, sure, co-ordinated hand-machine to any such
degree as the Muscular.</p>
<p>The finger ends, which are of the utmost significance in the creation of
artistic things, must be fitted with well developed muscles of extreme
efficiency or the execution will fall short of the ideal pictured in the
artist's mind.<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_148" id="Page_148"></SPAN></span></p>
<p>The pure Muscular type seldom makes an artist, for, after all, inspired
brain work is the other important element in the creation of art, and
this is the forte of the fifth type. A combination of the fifth type
with the Muscular makes most hand artists. A combination of the Muscular
and Thoracic makes most singers. Every hand artist will be found to have
spatulate-fingered hands—in short, muscular hands.</p>
<p>The hand of the famous craftsman, pianist, sculptor and painter, instead
of being more frail and delicate, is always larger and heavier than that
of the average person. Such a hand is a certain indication of the
muscular element in that individual's makeup.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>His Powerful Movements</h4>
<p>� Forceful, decisive movements also characterize this type. He is
inclined to go at even the most trivial things with as much force as if
the world depended on it.</p>
<p>Recently we were exhibiting a small pencil sharpener to a muscular
friend. It was so sharp that it performed its work without pressure. But
she took hold of it as if it were a piece of artillery and pushed the
pencil into it with all the force she had.<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_149" id="Page_149"></SPAN></span></p>
<p>When we remonstrated smilingly—for her face and hands are
ultra-square—she said, "But I can't do anything lightly. I just
naturally put that much force into everything."<br/><br/></p>
<h4>His Forceful Walk</h4>
<p>� Heavy, powerful, forceful strides distinguish the walk of this type.
If he has but ten steps to go he will start off as if beginning an
around-the-world marathon.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>You Hear Him Coming</h4>
<p>� All Musculars notify people, by their walk, of their approach. They
are unconscious of this loud incisive tread, and most of them will be
surprised to read it here. But their friends will recognize it. The
chances are that they have often spoken of it amongst themselves.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Loud Voice</h4>
<p>� The "steam-calliope voice" belongs almost always to a Muscular. He
does his talking just as he does everything else—with all his might.</p>
<p>It is very difficult for the Muscular to "tone down" this powerful
voice. His long-suffering friends will testify to this characteristic.<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_150" id="Page_150"></SPAN></span><br/><br/></p>
<h4>His Stentorian Tones</h4>
<p>� This loud voice is a serious social handicap to him. His only chance
of compensation for it lies in its use before juries, congregations or
large audiences.</p>
<p>It might be noted here that every great orator has been largely of this
type, and also that his fame came not alone from the things he said but
from the stentorian tones in which he said them.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Famous Male Singers</h4>
<p>� Caruso, John McCormack and all other famous male singers had large
thoracic systems, but in every instance it was combined with a large
muscular development.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Solid Sitter</h4>
<p>� When a Muscular sits down he does it as he does everything—with
definiteness and force. He does not spill over as does the Alimentive
nor drape himself gracefully like the Thoracic, but planks himself as
though he meant business.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Activity His Keynote</h4>
<p>� Because he is especially built for it the Muscular is more active than
any other type. Without<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_151" id="Page_151"></SPAN></span> muscles no organism could move itself from the
spot in which it was born.</p>
<p>Biology teaches us that the stomach was the first thing evolved. The
original one-call organism possessed but one function—digestion. As
life progressed it became necessary to send nutriment to those parts of
the organism not touched by the stomach.</p>
<p>For the purpose of reaching these suburbs there was involved the
circulatory or Thoracic system, and this gave rise, as we have seen in
the previous chapter, to the Thoracic type.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Movement and Development</h4>
<p>� As time went on movement became necessary, full development not being
possible to any static organism. To meet this need muscles were evolved,
and organic life began to move.</p>
<p>It was only a wiggle at first, but that wiggle has grown till today it
includes every kind of labor, globe trotting and immigration.</p>
<p>The Muscular is fitted with the best traveling equipment of any type and
invariably lives a life whose main reactions express these things.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Immigrant Muscular</h4>
<p>� No matter what his work or play the Muscular<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_152" id="Page_152"></SPAN></span> will make more moves
during the course of a day than other types. He loves action because his
muscles, being over-equipped for it, keep urging him from within to do
things.</p>
<p>As a result this type makes up most of the immigrants of the world.
Italians, Poles, Greeks, Russians, Germans and Jews are largely of this
type and these are the races furnishing the largest number of foreigners
in America.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Inertness Irks Him</h4>
<p>� Shut up a Muscular and you destroy him. His big muscle system cries
out for something to do. He becomes restless, nervous and ill when
confined or compelled to be idle.</p>
<p>The Alimentive loves an easy time but the Muscular dislikes ease except
when exhausted. Even then it is almost impossible to stop him.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Must Be Doing Something</h4>
<p>� "I can't bear to be doing nothing!" you often hear people say. Such a
person always has plenty of muscle. Musculars want to feel that they are
not wasting time. They must be "up and doing," accomplishing something.
If there is nothing near them that needs doing they are sure to go and
find something.<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_153" id="Page_153"></SPAN></span><br/><br/></p>
<h4>The Born Worker</h4>
<p>� Work is second nature to this type. He really prefers it.</p>
<p>Everyone likes some kind of work when in the mood if it serves a purpose
or an ideal. But the Muscular likes work for its own sake—or rather for
the activity's sake.</p>
<p>Work palls on the Alimentive and monotony on the Thoracic, but leisure
is what palls on the Muscular. He may have worked ten years without a
vacation and he may imagine he wants a long one, but by the morning of
the third day you will notice he has found a piece of work for himself.
It may be nothing more than hanging the screen door, chopping the wood
or dusting the furniture, but it will furnish him with some kind of
activity.</p>
<p>Because he enjoys action for its own sake and because work is only
applied action, this type makes the best worker. He can be trusted to
work harder than any other type.<br/><br/></p>
<h4>Require Less Watching</h4>
<p>� It is no accident that the three-hundred-men gangs of foreign workmen
who dig ditches, tunnels and tubes, construct buildings, railroads and<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_154" id="Page_154"></SPAN></span>
cities work with fewer foremen and supervisors than are ordinarily
required to keep much smaller forces of other employees at their posts.<br/><br/></p>
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