<SPAN name="5"></SPAN>
<br/>
<br/>
CHAPTER V.
<br/>
<br/>
WILL AND CHARACTER.
<br/>
<p> "And I have felt <br/>
A Presence that disturbs me with the joy <br/>
Of elevated thoughts, a sense sublime <br/>
Of something far more deeply interposed, <br/>
Whose dwelling is . . . all in the mind of man; <br/>
A motion and a spirit that impels <br/>
All thinking things."<em>—Wordsworth.</em></p>
<p>As the vast majority of people are not agreed as to what really constitutes
a Gentleman, while a great many seem to be practically, at least, very much
abroad as to the nature of a Christian, so it will be found that, in fact, there
is a great deal of difference as regards the Will. I have known many men, and
some women, to be credited by others, and who very much credited themselves,
with having iron wills, when, in fact, their every deed, which was supposed to
prove it, was based on brazen want of conscience. Mere want of principle or
unscrupulousness passes with many, especially its possessors, for strong <em>
will.</em> And even decision of character itself, as MAGINN remarks, is often
confounded with talent. "A bold woman always gets the name of clever"—among
fools—"though her intellect may be of a humble order, and her knowledge
contemptible." Among the vulgar, especially those of greedy, griping race and
blood, the children of the thief, a robber of the widow and orphan, the scamp of
the syndicate, and soulless "promoter" in South or North America, bold robbery,
or Selfishness without scruple or timidity always appears as Will. But it is not
the whole of the real thing, or real will in itself. When MUTIUS CAIUS SCAEVOLA
thrust his hand into the flames no one would have greatly admired his endurance
if it had been found that the hand was naturally insensible and felt no pain.
Nor would there have been any plaudits for MARCUS CURTIUS when he leapt into the
gulf, had he been so drunk as not to know what he was about. The will which
depends on unscrupulousness is like the benumbed hand or intoxicated soul.
Quench conscience, as a sense of right and obligation, and you can, of course,
do a great deal from which another would shrink—and therefore be called
"weak-minded" by the fools.</p>
<p>There is another type of person who imposes on the world and on self as
being strong-minded and gifted with Will. It is the imperturbable cool being,
always self-possessed, with little sympathy for emotion. In most cases such
minds result from artificial training, and they break down in real trials. I do
not say that they cannot weather a storm or a duel, or stand fire, or get
through what novelists regard as superlative stage trials; but, in a moral
crisis, the gentleman or lady whose face is all Corinthian brass is apt like
that brass in a fire to turn pale. These folk get an immense amount of
undeserved admiration as having Will or self-command, when they owe what staying
quality they have (like the preceding class) rather to a lack of good qualities
than their inspiration.</p>
<p>There are, alas! not a few who regard <em>Will</em> as simply identical
with mere obstinacy, or stubbornness, the immovability of the Ass, or Bull, or
Bear—that is, they reduce it to an animal power. But, as this often or generally
amounts in animal or man to mere insensible sulkiness—as far remote as possible
from enlightened mental action, it is surely unjust to couple it with the
<em>Voluntary</em> or pure intelligent <em>Will,</em> by which all must
understand the very acme of active Intellect.</p>
<p>Therefore it follows, that the errors, mistakes, and perversions which have
grown about Will in popular opinion, like those which have accumulated round
Christianity, are too often mistaken for the truth. Pure Will is, and must be by
its very nature, perfectly <em>free,</em> for the more it is hindered, or
hampered, or controlled in any way, the less is it independent volition.
Therefore, pare Will, free from all restraint can only act in, or as, Moral Law.
Acting in accordance with very mean, immoral, obstinate motives is, so to speak,
obeying as a slave the devil. The purer the motive the purer the Will, and in
very truth the purer the stronger, or firmer. Every man has his own idea of Will
according to his morality—even as it is said that every man's conception of God
is himself infinitely magnified—or, as SYDNEY SMITH declared, that a certain
small clergyman believed that Saint Paul was five feet two inches in height, and
wore a shovel-hat. And here we may note that if the fundamental definition of a
gentleman be "a man of perfect integrity," or one who always does simply
<em>what is right,</em> he is also one who possesses Will in its integrity.</p>
<p>Therefore it follows that if the pure will, which is the basis of all firm
and determined action, be a matter of moral conviction, it should take the first
place as such. Napoleon the First was an exemplar of a selfish corrupted will,
CHRIST the perfection of Will in its purity. And if I can make my meaning clear,
I would declare that he who would create within himself a strong and vigorous
will by hypnotism or any other process, will be most likely to succeed, if,
instead of aiming at developing a power by which he may subdue others, and make
all things yield to him, or similar selfish aims, he shall, before all,
seriously reflect on how he may use it to do good. For I am absolutely persuaded
from what I know, that he who makes Altruism and the happiness of others a
familiar thought to be coupled with every effort (even as a lamb is always
painted with, or appointed unto, St. John), will be the most likely to succeed.
There is something in moral conviction or the consciousness of right which gives
a sense of security or a faith in success which goes far to secure it. Hence the
willing the mind on the following day to be at peace, not to yield to
irritability or temptations to quarrel, to be pleasing and cheerful; in short to
develop <em>good</em> qualities is the most easily effected process, because
where there is such self-moral-suasion to a good aim or end, we feel, and very
justly, that we <em>ought</em> to be aided by the <em>Deus in nobis,</em> or
an over-ruling Providence, whatever its form or nature may be. And the
experimenter may be assured that if we can by any means <em>will</em> or
exorcise all envy, vanity, folly, irritability, vindictiveness—in short all
evil—out of ourselves, and supply their place with Love, we shall take the most
effective means to secure our own happiness, as well as that of others.</p>
<p>All of this has been repeated very often of late years by Altruists; but,
while the doctrine is accepted both by Agnostics and Christians as perfect,
there has been little done to show men how to practically realize it. But I have
ever noted that in this Pilgrim's Progress of our life, those are most likely to
attain to the Celestial City, and all its golden glories, who, like CHRISTIAN,
start from the lowliest beginnings; and as the learning our letters leads to
reading the greatest books, so the simplest method of directing the attention
and the most mechanical means of developing Will, may promptly lead to the
highest mental and moral effect.</p>
<p>Prayer is generally regarded as nothing else but an asking or begging from
a superior power. But it is also something which is really very different from
this. It is a formula by means of which man realizes his faith and will.
Tradition, and habit (of whose power I have spoken) or repetition, have given it
the influence or prestige of a charm. In fact it <em>is</em> a spell, he who
utters it feels assured that if seriously repeated it will be listened to, and
that the Power to whom it is addressed will hear it. The Florentines all round
me as I write, who repeat daily, <em>"Pate nostro quis in cell, santi ficeturie
nome tumme!"</em> in words which they do not understand, do not pray for daily
bread or anything else in the formula; they only realize that they commune with
God, and are being good. An intelligent prayer in this light is the
concentration of thought on a subject, or a <em>definite</em> realization.
Therefore if when <em>willing</em> that tomorrow I shall be calm all day or
void of irritation, I put the will or wish into a brief and clear form, it will
aid me to promptly realize or feel what I want. And it will be a prayer in its
reality, addressed to the Unknown Power or to the Will within us—an invocation,
or a spell, according to the mind of him who makes it.</p>
<p>Thus a seeker may repeat: "I <em>will,</em> earnestly and deeply, that
during all tomorrow I may be in a calm and peaceful state of mind. I <em>will</em>
with all my heart that if irritating or annoying memories or images, or thoughts
of any kind are in any way awakened, that they may be promptly forgotten and
fade away!"</p>
<p>I would advise that such a formula be got by heart till very familiar, to
be repeated, but not mechanically, before falling to sleeps What is of the very
utmost importance is that the operator shall feel its meaning and at the same
time give it the impulse of Will by the dual process before described. This, if
successfully achieved, will not fail (at least with most minds) to induce
success.</p>
<p>This formula, or "spell," will be sufficient for some time. When we feel
that it is really beginning to have an effect, we may add to it other wishes.
That is to say, be it clearly understood, that by repeating the will to be calm
and peaceful, day after day, it will assuredly begin to come of itself, even as
a pigeon which hath been "tolled" every day at a certain hour to find corn or
crumbs in a certain place, will continue to go there even if the food cease.
However, you may renew the first formula if you will. Then we may add gradually
the wish to be in a bold or courageous frame of mind, so as to face trials, as
follows:</p>
<p>"I <em>will</em> with all my soul, earnestly and truly, that I may be on
the morrow and all the day deeply inspired with courage and energy, with
self-confidence and hope! May it lighten my heart and make me heedless of all
annoyances and vexations which may arise! Should such come in my way, may I hold
them at no more than their real value, or laugh them aside!"</p>
<p>Proceed gradually and firmly through the series, never trying anything new,
until the old has fully succeeded. This is essential, for failure leads to
discouragement. Then, in time, fully realizing all its deepest meaning, so as to
impress the Imagination one may will as follows:</p>
<p>"May my quickness of Perception, or Intuition, aid me in the business which
I expect to undertake tomorrow. I <em>will</em> that my faculty of grasping at
details and understanding their relations shall be active. May it draw from my
memory the hidden things which will aid it!"</p>
<p>The artist or literary man, or poet, may in time earnestly will to this
effect:</p>
<p>"I desire that my genius, my imagination, the power which enables man to
combine and create; the poetic (or artist) spirit, whatever it be, may act in me
tomorrow, awakening great thoughts and suggesting for them beautiful forms."</p>
<p>He who expects to appear in public as an orator, as a lawyer pleading a
case, or as a witness, will do much to win success, if after careful forethought
or reflecting on what it is that he really wants, he will repeat:</p>
<p>"I will that tomorrow I may speak or plead, with perfect self-possession
and absence of all timidity or fear!" </p>
<p>Finally, we may after long and earnest reflection on all which I have said,
and truly not till then, resolve on the Masterspell to awaken the Will itself in
such a form that it will fill our soul, as it were, unto which intent it is
necessary to understand what Will really means to us in its purity and
integrity. The formula may be:</p>
<p>"I <em>will</em> that I may feel inspired with the power, aided by calm
determination, to do what I desire, aided by a sense of right and justice to
all. May my will be strong and sustain me in all trials. May it inspire that
sense of independence of strength which, allied to a pure conscience, is the
greatest source of happiness on earth!"</p>
<p>If the reader can master this last, he can by its aid progress infinitely.
And with the few spells which I have given he will need no more, since in these
lie the knowledge, and key, and suggestion to all which may be required.</p>
<p>Now it will appear clearly to most, that no man can long and steadily
occupy himself with such pursuits, without morally benefiting by them in his
waking hours, even if auto-hypnotism were all "mere imagination," in the most
frivolous sense of the word. For he who will himself not to yield to
irritability, can hardly avoid paying attention to the subject, and thinking
thereon, check himself when vexed. And as I have said, what we summon by Will
ere long remains as Habit, even as the Elves, called by a spell, remain in the
Tower.</p>
<p>Therefore it is of <em>great</em> importance for all people who take up
and pursue to any degree of success this Art or Science, that they shall be
actuated by moral and unselfish motives, since achieved with any other intent
the end can only be the bringing of evil and suffering into the soul. For as the
good by strengthening the Will make themselves promptly better and holier, so he
who increases it merely to make others feel his power will become with it
wickeder, yea, and thrice accursed, for what is the greatest remedy is often the
strongest poison.</p>
<p>Step by step Science has advanced of late to the declaration that man
<em>thinks all over</em> his body, or at least experiences those reflected
sensations or emotions which are so strangely balanced between intellectual
sense and sensation that we hardly know where or how to class them. "The
sensitive <em>plexi</em> of our whole organism are all either isolated or thrown into
simultaneous vibration when acted on by Thought." So the Will may be found
acting unconsciously as an emotion or instinct, or developed with the highest
forms of conscious reflection. Last of all we find it, probably as the result of
all associated functions or powers, at the head of all, their Executive
president. But <em>is</em> it "the exponent of correlated forces?" There
indeed doctors differ.</p>
<p>There is a very curious Italian verb, <em>Invogliare,</em> which is thus
described in a Dictionary of Idioms: <em>"Invogliare</em> is to inspire a will
or desire, <em>cupiditatem injicere a movere.</em> To <em>invogliare</em>
anyone is to awake in him the will or the ability or capacity, an earnest
longing or appetite, an ardent wish—<em>alicujus rei cupiditatem a desiderium
alicni movere—</em>to bring into action a man's hankering, solicitude, anxiety,
yearning, ardor, predilection, love, fondness and relish, or aught which savors
of Willing." Our English word, <em>Inveigle,</em> is
derived from it, but we have none precisely corresponding to it which
so generally sets forth the idea of inspiring a will in another person.
"Suggestion" is far more general and vague. Now if a man could thus <em>in-will</em>
himself to good or moral purpose, he would assume a new position in life. We all
admit that most human beings have defects or faults of which they would gladly
be freed (however incorrigible they
<em>appear to</em> be), but they have not the patience to effect a cure, to
keep to the resolve, or prevent it from fading out of sight. For a <em>vast</em>
proportion of all minor sins, or those within the law, there is no cure sought.
The offender says and believes, "It is too strong for me"—and yet these small
unpunished offenses cause a thousand times more suffering than all the great
crimes.</p>
<p>Within a generation, owing to the great increase of population, prosperity
and personal comfort, nervous susceptibility has also gained in extent, but
there has been no check to petty abuse of power, selfishness, which always comes
out in some form of injustice or wrong, or similar vexations. Nay, what with the
disproportionate growth of vulgar wealth, this element has rapidly increased,
and it would really seem as if the plague must spread <em>ad infinitum,</em>
unless some means can be found to <em>invogliare</em> and inspire the
offenders with a sense of their sins, and move them to reform. And it is more
than probable that if all who are at heart sincerely willing to reform their
morals and manners could be brought to keep their delinquencies before their
consciousness in the very simple manner which I have indicated, the fashion or
<em>mode</em> might at least be inaugurated. For it is <em>not</em> so much
a moral conviction, or an appeal to common sense, which is needed (as writers on
ethics all seem to think), but some practical art of keeping men up to the mark
in endeavoring to reform, or to make them remember it all day long, since "out
of sight out of mind" is the devil's greatest help with weak minds.</p>
<div style="break-after:column;"></div><br />