<h2><SPAN name="LESSON_II" id="LESSON_II"></SPAN><span class="lght">LESSON II</span><br/> ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE SEX ORGANISM</h2>
<p>Every woman should be given plain, practical, sane,
sensible instruction concerning the sex organism of
woman, its functions, its laws, its use, and its abuse. This
important feature of the physical organism plays an all
powerful part in the life of every woman, and particularly
in the life of the married woman. It is nature's
mechanism for the reproduction of the race. Every child
that is born into the world is conceived, gestated, and
finally delivered as a result of the functioning of this
organism. Therefore, such instruction and knowledge is
vitally necessary, not only for the intelligent performance
of the duties of parenthood, but also for the best
interests of race-preservation, race-culture, and the
physical well-being and health of the individual woman.</p>
<p>And yet, custom and ancient prejudice have drawn
the veil over this most important subject, so that it is difficult
for the average woman to find practical, clean information
concerning her own anatomy and physiological
functions concerned with her sex-life. To many it has
appeared that the particular organs and parts of the body
concerned with the reproductive functions of the woman
are base, unclean, and impure, and that any woman discussing
them, or seeking information regarding them,
must be immoral or at least not "respectable." Anatomical
charts and physiological treatises on the subject
are tabooed outside of the doctor's office. Women are considered
immodest if they seek to acquaint themselves with
the facts of life concerning one of their most important
classes of physical functions. It is considered "not nice"
for a young woman to know anything about her physical
being in those phases which play the most important part
in her life. Can there be anything more ridiculous and<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_14" id="Page_14">{14}</SPAN></span>
insane? This is a matter which excites the most intense
surprise, disgust, and despair in the average person possessing
a scientific tendency. But the dawn is breaking,
and a better day is ahead of the race concerning these
things.</p>
<p>The sex organs of the woman are divided into two
classes, as follows: (1) The external organs; and (2)
the internal organs. Let us consider each of these classes
in turn.</p>
<h3>THE EXTERNAL SEX ORGANS OF THE WOMAN.</h3>
<p>The external sex organs of the woman are as follows:
The Mons Veneris; the Labia Majora; the Labia Minora;
the Clitoris; the Meatus Urinarius; and the Vaginal
Orifice. The term "the Vulva" is applied to the external
sex organs of the woman in general, but more particularly
to the Labia Majora and the Labia Minora (the
larger and smaller "lips," respectively). The term
"Vulva" is the Latin term meaning "folding doors."</p>
<p><b>The Mons Veneris</b> is the fatty eminence or elevation
just above the other external organs, which forms a
mount from which its name (literally, "The Mount of
Venus") is derived. At puberty it becomes covered with
hair.</p>
<p><b>The Labia Majora</b> are the large "outer lips" or folds
of skin which enclose the Vaginal Orifice, and which are
situated just below the Mons Veneris.</p>
<p><b>The Labia Minora</b> are the small "inner lips" of folds
of membrane, which are concealed within the Labia
Majora, or "outer lips," and are seen only when the latter
are parted.</p>
<p><b>The Clitoris</b> is a small organ, about an inch in length,
situated at the upper part of the Labia Minora or "inner
lips," and usually being partly or wholly covered by the
upper borders thereof. At its extremity it has a small
rounded enlargement which is extremely sensitive and<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_15" id="Page_15">{15}</SPAN></span>
excitable, and which is the principal seat of sensation in
the woman's sexual organism.</p>
<p><b>The Meatus Urinarius</b> is the orifice of the urethra of
the woman, the purpose of which is to afford an exit for
the urine. It is located about an inch below the Clitoris
and is just above the Vaginal Orifice. It is a common
error among uninformed women that the urine passes
out through the Vagina; but this, of course, is incorrect,
as the two canals and their respective orifices are entirely
separate from each other, though situated closely together.</p>
<p><b>The Vaginal Orifice</b> is the outer entrance to the
Vagina, or Vaginal Canal or Channel. This orifice is
located just below the Meatus Urinarius. In the virgin it
is usually partly closed by what is known as "<b>The
Hymen</b>," (vulgarly known as the "maiden head"), although
in many cases the latter is absent even in the case
of young girl infants. It was formerly regarded as an
infallible sign of virginity, and its absence was regarded
as a proof that virginity was lacking. But this old superstition
is passing away, for science has shown that the
Hymen is often absent even in the case of young children
and infants, and, on the other hand, is sometimes present
after several years of married life, and even during pregnancy.
Much unhappiness has been caused in some cases
where the husband has doubted the virginity of his wife
because of the absence of the Hymen, but consultation
with a capable physician usually removes this misunderstanding.</p>
<p>The Hymen is a membranous fold, sometimes circular
in shape, with an opening in the center, though in other
cases it extends only across the lower part of the orifice.
The opening in the center is for the purpose of allowing
the menstrual blood and the other secretions of Uterus
and Vagina to flow through. In a few cases this opening
is absent, the Hymen being what is called "imperforate";
<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_16" id="Page_16">{16}</SPAN></span>in which case the girl experiences difficulty when
menstruation begins, and a physician is required to make
a slit or opening in it. In some girls and women the
Hymen is quite tough, while in others it is very thin and
is easily broken. In the latter cases the young girl frequently
breaks the membrane during vigorous exercise,
such as jumping rope, etc. And, as has before been said,
in some cases infant girls are born without even a trace of
the Hymen. Under the circumstances, it is seen that the
presence or absence of the Hymen is far from being an
infallible proof of the presence or absence of virginity,
and the belief in the same is now regarded as almost a
superstition of the past.</p>
<h3>THE INTERNAL SEX ORGANS OF THE WOMAN.</h3>
<p>The internal sex organs of the woman are as follows:
The Vagina; the Uterus and its appendages; the Fallopian
Tubes; the Ovaries, and their ligaments, and the round
ligaments.</p>
<p><b>The Vagina</b> is the canal or channel leading from the
Vaginal Orifice to the Uterus or womb. It is situated in
front of the rectum, and behind the bladder. In length, it
averages from three to five inches; and it curves upward
and backward, reaching to the lower part of the neck of
the womb, or Uterus, which part of the neck is enclosed
by it. It is a strong fibro-muscular structure, lined with
mucous membrane; and is not smooth inside, but is
arranged in inner folds or rings which are capable of
great extension.</p>
<p>On either side of the Vagina, near the outer orifice, are
two small glands, about the size of a pea, which secrete a
peculiar fluid, and which are known as the Glands of
Bartholine. The office of the Vagina is that of a complementary
to the male organ during the copulative process;
to also sustain the weight of the Uterus; to also afford a
passage for the infant at the time of its birth; and also
to serve as a passage for the menstrual fluid.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_17" id="Page_17">{17}</SPAN></span></p>
<p><b>The Uterus</b>, or Womb, is the internal sex organ of the
woman which serves to hold the fertilized ovum, or egg,
from the time of impregnation, during the period of pregnancy
during which the ovum develops into the young
child, and until the time of the delivery of the child.</p>
<p>The Uterus is a hollow pear-shaped muscular organ,
about three inches in length, nearly an inch thick, and
about two inches broad across its upper part, or <b>fundus</b>;
the lower part, or <b>cervix</b>, being much narrower. The
<b>cervix</b>, or "neck" of the womb, projects into the Vagina,
forming the "os uteri," or "mouth of the womb," at that
point. The Uterus is composed chiefly of a muscular coat,
its walls consisting of strong muscular fibres which contract
independently of the will, as do similar muscles in
the stomach and bladder. These muscular walls are capable
of enormous distention during pregnancy. The
muscles of the healthy womb are capable of a tremendous
pressure and resistance, and are capable of expelling the
child with but slight labor at the time of delivery.</p>
<p>The Uterus is located just behind and slightly above
the bladder, and is supported by eight ligaments which,
in a healthy condition, hold it firmly and easily in place.
Displacements of the Uterus are due to the weakening or
relaxing of some or all of these ligaments, generally
caused by general weakness or else by excessive physical
exercise or labor. The principal <b>Displacements of the
Uterus</b> are as follows: Prolapsus, or lowering of the womb
in the vagina; Antroversion, or the bending forward of
the womb; Anteflexion, or the "doubling up" of the
womb <b>forward</b> on itself; Retroversion, or the bending
backward of the womb; and Retroflexion, or the "doubling
up" of the womb <b>backward</b> on itself. Extreme
degrees of the last four mentioned forms of displacement
often interfere with impregnation.</p>
<p>The internal surface of the Uterus is lined with<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_18" id="Page_18">{18}</SPAN></span>
mucous membrane thickly studded with minute hairlike
cells which manifest continuous motion. This motion, in
the lower part of the womb, is in the direction of the
fundus or upper part of the womb; in the upper part of
the womb, the motion is in the opposite direction; the
purpose of these opposing movements being to carry the
male elements toward that portion of the womb into
which the Fallopian Tubes discharge the products of the
Ovaries, as we shall see presently.</p>
<p>The Uterus is supplied with follicles around its neck
which secrete a very firm, adhesive mucus substance,
which serves as a gate or door across the mouth of the
womb during the period of pregnancy, and which also
serves to prevent the accidental displacement of the ovum
or egg. During and just after menstruation, the Uterus
becomes enlarged and more vascular. During pregnancy,
it largely increases in weight. After delivery, it resumes
its normal size, but the cavity is larger than before conception.
In old age, it becomes atrophied and denser in
structure.</p>
<p><b>The Fallopian Tubes</b> are the ducts of the Ovaries, and
serve to convey the ova, or eggs, from the Ovaries to the
cavity in the Uterus. They are two in number, one on
each side, each tube being about four inches in length.
They extend from either side of the fundus of the womb,
through the broad ligaments which hold them and the
Ovaries in position until they communicate with the
Ovaries. They are lined with a membrane composed of
the same kind of peculiar hair-like cells which are found
in the lining of the womb, the purpose in this case being
to urge forward the ova or eggs toward the Uterus.</p>
<p>At the ovarian end of the tubes the latter expand into
a fringed, trumpet-shaped extremity, the fringe being
known as "the fimbria." The tubes are only about one-sixteenth
of an inch in diameter, and their small caliber<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_19" id="Page_19">{19}</SPAN></span>
makes it easy for them to clog up as the result of slight
inflammation, or to become clogged up or sealed at their
mouths or openings, thus causing sterility or inability of
the woman to conceive. If the tubes are clogged, or sealed
up, it of course is impossible for the ova or eggs to reach
the uterus.</p>
<p><b>The Ovaries</b> are the two oval-shaped bodies lying one
on either side of the Uterus. In them the ova, or eggs, are
formed. They are each about one and one-half inches long,
about one inch wide, and about one-half an inch thick.
In addition to their attachment to the broad ligament,
they are held in position by folds or ligaments running to
the fundus of the Uterus and to the fimbriated extremities
of the Fallopian Tubes. The Ovaries are covered by a
dense, firm coating which encloses a soft fibrous tissue,
abundantly supplied with blood-vessels, which is called
the stroma. Imbedded in the mesh-like tissue of the stroma
are found numerous small, round, transparent vesicles,
in various stages of development, known as the Graafian
follicles, which are lined with a layer of peculiar granular
cells. These Graafian follicles are the receptacles or
sacs which contain the ova, or eggs, which constitute the
female reproductive germ. Each vesicle contains a single
ovum or egg.</p>
<h3>Summary.</h3>
<p>From the foregoing, it is seen that we may enumerate
the sex organs of the woman as follows, proceeding from
the external to the internal organism: First, the Mons
Veneris, or prominent eminence above the more important
external sex organs; then the Labia Majora, or large
outer "lips" or folds, which are plainly discernable to
the ordinary view; then the Labia Minora, or smaller
inner "lips" or folds, and the Clitoris or small sensitive
organ, and the Meatus Urinarius or urinary orifice, all of
which are discernable only when the folds of the Labia
Majora are parted or opened. Then, proceeding upward<span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_20" id="Page_20">{20}</SPAN></span>
and backward from the Vaginal Orifice, we find the
Vagina, or channel or canal leading to the Uterus or
Womb; then we find the Uterus or Womb at the upper
end of the canal or channel of the Vagina. Then extending
from either side of the Uterus or Womb we
find those two important sets of organs known as the
Fallopian Tubes, and the Ovaries, respectively. The
Ovaries discharge their ova, or eggs, into the Fallopian
Tubes, from whence they are conveyed to the Uterus or
Womb, with which the tubes are connected and into
which they open at its upper and large end.</p>
<p><b>The Pelvis</b> is that bony arch in the cavity of which
are contained the internal sex organs of the woman. The
Pelvis is a bony basin which holds and supports the pelvic
organs, and is composed of three important parts, as follows:
(1) The Sacrum, consisting of five sections of the
vertebral column, or spine, fused together so as to constitute
the solid part of the lower spine and the back of
the Pelvis; (2) the two Hip-Bones, one on each side of the
Pelvis; (3) the Pubic Arch, or the front part of the Pelvis,
formed by the junction of the two Hip-Bones in front.
Attached to the Hip-Bones are the thighs, and also the
large Gluteal Muscles which constitute the buttocks, or
"seat."</p>
<p>The Pelvis of the woman is quite different from that of
the man. It is shallower and wider, and lighter in structure
than that of the male, and the margins of the Hip-Bones
are more widely separated, thus making the hips
of the woman far more prominent than those of the man.
Also, the Sacrum is shorter than that of the man, and the
Pubic Arch wider and more rounded than his. This difference
in the bony structure is made necessary by the
demand for larger space in the female Pelvis required for
the purposes of childbirth. These differences are not so
perceptible in childhood, but become marked and pronounced
at puberty.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><SPAN name="Page_21" id="Page_21">{21}</SPAN></span></p>
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