Future Perfect
Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have
done." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable.
FORM Future Perfect with "Will"
[will have + past participle]
Examples:
- Affirmative: You will have perfected your English by the time you come back
from the U.S.
- Negative: You will not have perfected your
English by the time you come back from the U.S.
- Interrogative: Will you have perfected your English by the
time you come back from the U.S.?
FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To"
[am/is/are + going to have + past participle]
Examples:
- Affirmative: You are going to have perfected your English by the time you
come back from the U.S.
- Negative: You are not going to have
perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
- Interrogative: Are you going to have perfected your English
by the time you come back from the U.S.?
NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future
Perfect with little or no difference in meaning.
Using "Will"
| Affirmative |
Negative |
Interrogative |
I will have stopped.
You will have stopped.
We will have stopped.
They will have stopped.
He will have stopped.
She will have stopped.
It will have stopped.
|
I will not have stopped.
You will not have stopped.
We will not have stopped.
They will not have stopped.
He will not have stopped.
She will not have stopped.
It will not have stopped.
|
Will I have stopped?
Will you have stopped?
Will we have stopped?
Will they have stopped?
Will he have stopped?
Will she have stopped?
Will it have stopped?
|
Using "Be Going To"
| Affirmative |
Negative |
Interrogative |
I am going to have stopped.
You are going to have stopped.
We are going to have stopped.
They are going to have stopped.
He is going to have stopped.
She is going to have stopped.
It is going to have stopped.
|
I am not going to have stopped.
You are not going to have stopped.
We are not going to have stopped.
They are not going to have stopped.
He is not going to have stopped.
She is not going to have stopped.
It is not going to have stopped.
|
Am I going to have stopped?
Are you going to have stopped?
Are we going to have stopped?
Are they going to have stopped?
Is he going to have stopped?
Is she going to have stopped?
Is it going to have stopped?
|
Completed Action Before Something in the Future
The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another
action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a
specific time in the future.
Examples:
- By next November, I will have received my promotion.
- By the time he gets home, she is going to have
cleaned the entire house.
- I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.
- Will she have learned enough Chinese to
communicate before she moves to Beijing?
- Sam is probably going to have completed the
proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon.
- By the time I finish this course, I will have
taken ten tests.
- How many countries are you going to have visited
by the time you turn 50?
Notice in the examples above that the reference points (marked
in italics) are in Simple Present
rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses,
and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-Continuous Verbs)
With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use
the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action
in the future.
Examples:
- I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.
- By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.
Although the above use of Future Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous
Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach,"
and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT
Non-Continuous Verbs.
REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning
with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon
as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect, Present Perfect is used.
Examples:
- I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my
homework. Not Correct
- I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework.
Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
- You will only have learned a few words.
- Will you only have learned a few words?
- You are only going to have learned a few words.
- Are you only going to have learned a few words?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
- They will have completed the project before the deadline.
- The project will have been completed before the deadline.
- They are going to have completed the project before the
deadline.
- The project is going to have been completed before the
deadline.
